The present disclosure relates to the technical field of electric light sources, particularly to a metal halide lamp and a manufacturing method thereof. The metal halide lamp includes an electric arc tube, an inner glass bulb, and a lamp holder fixedly connected with the inner glass bulb; the electric arc tube includes a tube body, a positive electrode located inside an electric arc cavity of the tube body and connected with a positive feedthrough inserted in a first leg portion of the tube body, and a negative electrode connected with a negative feedthrough inserted in a second leg portion of the tube body; the electric arc cavity is provided therein with an ignition gas; an outer surface of the first leg portion is provided with a conductive layer and a metal electrical connector, wherein the conductive layer has one end close to and the other end away from an electrode tip of the positive electrode, the metal electrical connector has one end connected with the other end of the conductive layer, and the other end connected with a long molybdenum rod. Security risks in manufacturing, transportation, mounting, utilization, storage, and waste disposal brought about by use of the radioactive material .sup.85Kr are avoided in the present disclosure.

A discharge chamber for a deep ultraviolet (DUV) light source includes a housing; and a first electrode and a second electrode in the housing, the first electrode and the second electrode being separated from each other to form a discharge region between the first electrode and the second electrode, the discharge region being configured to receive a gain medium including at least one noble gas and a halogen gas. At least one of the first electrode and the second electrode includes a metal alloy including more than 33% and less than 50% zinc by weight.

A tungsten electrode material contains a tungsten-based material and oxide particles dispersed in the tungsten-based material. The oxide particles are composed of an oxide solid solution in which a Zr oxide and/or an Hf oxide and an oxide of at least one rare earth selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu are dissolved as a solid solution. A content of the rare-earth oxide with respect to a total amount of the Zr oxide and/or the Hf oxide and the rare-earth oxide is not lower than 66 mol % and not higher than 97 mol %, a content of the oxide solid solution is not lower than 0.5 mass % and not higher than 9 mass %, and the remainder is composed substantially of tungsten.

An electrode arrangement for a discharge lamp is provided, including an electrode unit including an electrode and an electrode plate, and a conductive connection unit for coupling to an energy source. The connection unit includes a connection unit plate. The arrangement includes a cylinder composed of a nonconductive material, said cylinder arranged between the electrode plate and the connection unit plate, and at least one conduction film which is arranged on an outer side of the cylinder and extends from the connection unit plate as far as the electrode plate and connects the connection unit plate and the electrode plate to one another. The arrangement includes a cap-shaped and integrally embodied protective film arranged on the electrode plate or connection unit plate, such that the film covers a plate side facing away from the cylinder and an outer lateral surface of the electrode plate or of the connection unit plate.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of electric light sources, particularly to a metal halide lamp and a manufacturing method thereof. The metal halide lamp includes an electric arc tube, an inner glass bulb, and a lamp holder fixedly connected with the inner glass bulb; the electric arc tube includes a tube body, a positive electrode located inside an electric arc cavity of the tube body and connected with a positive feedthrough inserted in a first leg portion of the tube body, and a negative electrode connected with a negative feedthrough inserted in a second leg portion of the tube body; the electric arc cavity is provided therein with an ignition gas; an outer surface of the first leg portion is provided with a conductive layer and a metal electrical connector, wherein the conductive layer has one end close to and the other end away from an electrode tip of the positive electrode, the metal electrical connector has one end connected with the other end of the conductive layer, and the other end connected with a long molybdenum rod. Security risks in manufacturing, transportation, mounting, utilization, storage, and waste disposal brought about by use of the radioactive material .sup.85Kr are avoided in the present disclosure.

A tungsten electrode material contains a tungsten-based material and oxide particles dispersed in the tungsten-based material. The oxide particles are composed of an oxide solid solution in which a Zr oxide and/or an Hf oxide and an oxide of at least one rare earth selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu are dissolved as a solid solution. A content of the rare-earth oxide with respect to a total amount of the Zr oxide and/or the Hf oxide and the rare-earth oxide is not lower than 66 mol % and not higher than 97 mol %, a content of the oxide solid solution is not lower than 0.5 mass % and not higher than 9 mass %, and the remainder is composed substantially of tungsten.

An electrode module includes an electrode and a core wire inserted into a core wire insertion hole of the electrode. When inserting the core wire into the core wire insertion hole of the electrode, the core wire can be inserted smoothly, thereby avoiding occurrence of chipping or cracking in the core wire insertion hole. A low-friction layer is provided on the inner surface of the core wire insertion hole of the electrode and/or the outer periphery of the inserted portion of the core wire.

A discharge lamp drive device includes a discharge lamp driver configured to supply drive electric current to a discharge lamp having a first electrode and a second electrode, a control unit configured to control the discharge lamp driver, and a storage unit configured to store a plurality of drive patterns of the drive electric current. The control unit is configured to select one drive pattern from among the plurality of drive patterns based on machine learning, and implement the selected drive pattern. The control unit performs a first control that increases a drive electric power supplied to the discharge lamp according to an increase in an inter-electrode voltage of the discharge lamp, in a case where the inter-electrode voltage is equal to or larger than a first voltage value and the inter-electrode voltage is equal to or lower than a second voltage value higher than the first voltage value.

A discharge lamp drive device includes a discharge lamp driver configured to supply drive electric current to a discharge lamp having a first electrode and a second electrode, a control unit configured to control the discharge lamp driver, and a storage unit configured to store a plurality of drive patterns of the drive electric current. The control unit is configured to select one drive pattern from among the plurality of drive patterns based on machine learning, and implement the selected drive pattern. The control unit performs a first control that increases a drive electric power supplied to the discharge lamp according to an increase in an inter-electrode voltage of the discharge lamp, in a case where the inter-electrode voltage is equal to or larger than a first voltage value and the inter-electrode voltage is equal to or lower than a second voltage value higher than the first voltage value.

A sealed high intensity illumination device configured to receive a laser beam from a laser light source and method for making the same are disclosed. The device includes a sealed cylindrical chamber configured to contain an ionizable medium. The chamber has a cylindrical wall, with an ingress and an egress window disposed opposite the ingress window. A tube insert is disposed within the chamber formed of an insulating material. The insert is configured to receive the laser beam within the insert inner diameter.