An electrode having an embedded charge contains a substrate, a first electronic charge trap defined at the interface of a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer; and a first conductive layer disposed on the first electronic charge trap; wherein the first conductive layer contains a conductive material configured to permit an external electric field to penetrate the electrode from the first electronic charge trap; and wherein the first insulating layer is not the same as the second insulating layer.

An electrode having an embedded charge contains a substrate, a first electronic charge trap defined at the interface of a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer; and a first conductive layer disposed on the first electronic charge trap; wherein the first conductive layer contains a conductive material configured to permit an external electric field to penetrate the electrode from the first electronic charge trap; and wherein the first insulating layer is not the same as the second insulating layer.

An electrode having an embedded charge contains a substrate, a first electronic charge trap defined at the interface of a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer; and a first conductive layer disposed on the first electronic charge trap; wherein the first conductive layer contains a conductive material configured to permit an external electric field to penetrate the electrode from the first electronic charge trap; and wherein the first insulating layer is not the same as the second insulating layer.

An electrode having an embedded charge contains a substrate, a first electronic charge trap defined at the interface of a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer; and a first conductive layer disposed on the first electronic charge trap; wherein the first conductive layer contains a conductive material configured to permit an external electric field to penetrate the electrode from the first electronic charge trap; and wherein the first insulating layer is not the same as the second insulating layer.

An electrode having an embedded charge contains a substrate, a first electronic charge trap defined at the interface of a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer; and a first conductive layer disposed on the first electronic charge trap; wherein the first conductive layer contains a conductive material configured to permit an external electric field to penetrate the electrode from the first electronic charge trap; and wherein the first insulating layer is not the same as the second insulating layer.

The present invention provides an organic EL device that can ensure safety by automatic light emission of afterglow illumination even when the power is shut off due to a power failure, turning-off, or the like. The organic EL device of the present invention includes: a substrate; an organic EL element part; and a charge storage part, wherein the organic EL element part is disposed on one surface of the substrate, the charge storage part is disposed on the organic EL element part, the organic EL element part includes a pair of electrodes and an organic EL layer, and the organic EL layer is sealed inside so as to be shielded from the outside air by any of the substrate, the pair of electrodes of the organic EL element part, and the charge storage part.

There is provided a monolithic three dimensional array of charge storage devices which includes a plurality of device levels, wherein at least one surface between two successive device levels is planarized by chemical mechanical polishing.

There is provided a monolithic three dimensional array of charge storage devices which includes a plurality of device levels, wherein at least one surface between two successive device levels is planarized by chemical mechanical polishing.

The present invention provides an organic EL device that can ensure safety by automatic light emission of afterglow illumination even when the power is shut off due to a power failure, turning-off, or the like. The organic EL device of the present invention includes: a substrate; an organic EL element part; and a charge storage part, wherein the organic EL element part is disposed on one surface of the substrate, the charge storage part is disposed on the organic EL element part, the organic EL element part includes a pair of electrodes and an organic EL layer, and the organic EL layer is sealed inside so as to be shielded from the outside air by any of the substrate, the pair of electrodes of the organic EL element part, and the charge storage part.

An electrode having an embedded charge contains a substrate, a first electronic charge trap defined at the interface of a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer; and a first conductive layer disposed on the first electronic charge trap; wherein the first conductive layer contains a conductive material configured to permit an external electric field to penetrate the electrode from the first electronic charge trap; and wherein the first insulating layer is not the same as the second insulating layer.