A system includes a plurality of roofing modules and a plurality of photovoltaic modules. The roofing modules include a first layer and a second layer. The first layer has a first surface that is textured. The roofing modules are configured to be installed on the roof deck of a structure proximate to the photovoltaic modules. An appearance of the roofing modules aesthetically matches an appearance of the photovoltaic modules when viewed from a vantage point located at a ground level of the structure.

The present invention provides a polyester resin which is excellent in long-term thermal stability and moldability, comprises a dicarboxylic acid component and a glycol component, wherein 10 mol % or more of a furandicarhoxylic acid is contained as the dicarboxylic acid component and the polyester resin satisfies following requirements (1) to (3); (1) a total metal element content is 150 ppm or less relative to the mass of the polyester resin; (2) a phosphorus element content is 100 ppm or less relative to the mass of the polyester resin; and (3) TODΔ reduced viscosity represented by the following formula is 0.030 dl/g or less;
(TODΔ reduced viscosity)=(reduced viscosity before thermal oxidation test)−(reduced viscosity after thermal oxidation test).

The present invention provides a polyester resin which is excellent in long-term thermal stability and moldability, comprises a dicarboxylic acid component and a glycol component, wherein 10 mol % or more of a furandicarhoxylic acid is contained as the dicarboxylic acid component and the polyester resin satisfies following requirements (1) to (3); (1) a total metal element content is 150 ppm or less relative to the mass of the polyester resin; (2) a phosphorus element content is 100 ppm or less relative to the mass of the polyester resin; and (3) TODΔ reduced viscosity represented by the following formula is 0.030 dl/g or less;
(TODΔ reduced viscosity)=(reduced viscosity before thermal oxidation test)−(reduced viscosity after thermal oxidation test).

Provided are a white polyester film including a polyester and white particles having an average primary particle diameter of 0.20 to 0.40 μm, in which a content of the white particles is 1.0% to 5.0% by mass with respect to the total mass of the film, a ratio of agglomerated particles having particle diameters of 0.40 to 0.80 μm in a direction parallel to a surface direction of the film on the cross-section of the film to the total number of primary particles and agglomerated particles of the white particles dispersed in the film is 10% to 20% by number, and a concentration of terminal carboxyl groups is 6 to 30 equivalents/ton, a method for manufacturing the same, a solar cell back sheet, and a solar cell module.

Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems provide for solar panel arrays that can be aesthetically pleasing to an observer. BIPV systems can be incorporated as part of roof surfaces as built into the structure of the roof, particularly as photovoltaic modules having the appearance of a plurality of roofing tiles that each have photovoltaic cells. Each photovoltaic module may include a metal backer, photovoltaic cells, and light transmissive top sheets adhered to both the metal backer and the photovoltaic cells. BIPV systems can also include non-photovoltaic modules that appear similar to photovoltaic modules, but do not collect solar energy.

Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems provide for solar panel arrays that can be aesthetically pleasing to an observer. BIPV systems can be incorporated as part of roof surfaces as built into the structure of the roof, particularly as photovoltaic modules having the appearance of a plurality of roofing tiles that each have photovoltaic cells. Each photovoltaic module may include a metal backer, photovoltaic cells, and light transmissive top sheets adhered to both the metal backer and the photovoltaic cells. BIPV systems can also include non-photovoltaic modules that appear similar to photovoltaic modules, but do not collect solar energy.

The invention relates to a layer element comprising at least two layers (A) and (B), wherein layer (B) has a has a total luminous transmittance of at least 80.0%, an article, preferably abifacial photovoltaic module, comprising said layer element, a process for preparing said layer element, a process for preparing a photovoltaic module comprising said layer element and the use of said layer element as integrated backsheet element of a bifacial photovoltaic module.

The invention relates to a layer element comprising at least two layers (A) and (B), wherein layer (B) has a has a total luminous transmittance of at least 80.0%, an article, preferably abifacial photovoltaic module, comprising said layer element, a process for preparing said layer element, a process for preparing a photovoltaic module comprising said layer element and the use of said layer element as integrated backsheet element of a bifacial photovoltaic module.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to static configurations and arrangement of substrings of photovoltaic (PV) cell arrays or PV modules to electrically parallelly connect and spatially distribute substrings in PV cell arrays mitigating the partial shade and/or mismatch condition and decrease complexity of PV module production. Further aspects relate to substrings of serially electrically connected PV cells that may be electrically connected in parallel and arranged such that conductor intersection is minimized or substantially eliminated outside of a junction box. Further aspects of the disclosure relate to utilizing rear contact PV cells and conductive backsheets to effectuate electrically parallel connected and spatially distributed substrings.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to static configurations and arrangement of substrings of photovoltaic (PV) cell arrays or PV modules to electrically parallelly connect and spatially distribute substrings in PV cell arrays mitigating the partial shade and/or mismatch condition and decrease complexity of PV module production. Further aspects relate to substrings of serially electrically connected PV cells that may be electrically connected in parallel and arranged such that conductor intersection is minimized or substantially eliminated outside of a junction box. Further aspects of the disclosure relate to utilizing rear contact PV cells and conductive backsheets to effectuate electrically parallel connected and spatially distributed substrings.