The present disclosure provides glass, and a manufacturing method and a control method thereof. The glass includes a first glass layer, a plurality of transparent conductive strips and a second glass layer. The plurality of transparent conductive strips are between the first glass layer and the second glass layer, and are configured to generate heat when being supplied with power.

A wafer plating fixture for use in simultaneously electroplating a two substrates. The wafer plating fixture including: an electrically conductive carrier bus; a plurality of contact clips electrically coupled to the carrier bus and configured to hold the two substrates in place and electrically couple the two substrates to the carrier bus; and a non-conductive substrate backer to separate the two substrates coupled to the carrier bus. A method of electroplating a plurality of substrates. The method including: mounting two substrates to be plated onto a wafer plating fixture; mounting the wafer plating fixture on a continuous belt of plating system; dipping the wafer plating fixture with the two substrates held thereon into an electroplating bath; and applying a voltage to the two substrates via the wafer plating fixture.

Provided is a photovoltaic cell and a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic cell includes a substrate; a passivation layer located on at least one surface of the substrate; at least one busbar and at least one finger intersecting with each other on a surface of the substrate. The busbar is electrically connected to the finger. A quantity of the busbar is 10 to 15, and electrode pads arranged on a surface of the substrate. A quantity of the electrode pads is 4 to 6. The electrode pads include first and second electrode pads. The first electrode pads are located on two ends of the busbar, the second electrode pads are located between the first electrode pads. The first electrode pads each have an area of 0.6 mm.sup.2 to 1.3 mm.sup.2, and the second electrode pad each have an area of 0.2 mm.sup.2 to 0.5 mm.sup.2.

A solar module assembly includes a frame having an upper portion encompassing an area and a mid portion disposed below the upper portion. A plurality of solar panels is arranged in a string, sandwiched between two transparent panes forming a single string panel. The solar panels occupy less than the area of the upper portion. Each of the plurality of solar panels has a pair of opposing edges. A reflector is mounted on the mid portion to reflect light selectively.

Thin-film solar cell modules and serial cell-to-cell interconnect structures and methods of fabrication are described. In an embodiment, a solar cell interconnect includes a bypass diode between adjacent solar cells to allow the flow of current around a single solar cell.

A solar cell includes a substrate having a front surface and a back surface; an emitter formed on the front surface of the substrate; a plurality of first electrodes positioned on the emitter and extended in first direction; a plurality of first bus lines positioned on the emitter and extended in second direction crossing to the first direction; a plurality of back surface field regions formed on the back surface of the substrate and extended in the first direction; a plurality of second electrodes positioned on the plurality of back surface field regions and extended in the first direction; and, a plurality of second bus lines extended in the second direction.

The present invention relates to a solar cell having an edge collecting electrode and a solar cell module comprising the same, the solar cell being capable of preventing a cell crack phenomenon caused by an interconnector and improving an adhesive characteristic of the interconnector by dividing a planar area of the solar cell into a main area and an edge area and positioning the outermost contact point of the interconnector at a boundary between the main area and the edge area, and being capable of improving carrier collecting efficiency by arranging, in the edge area, the edge collecting electrode and the branched electrode which are physically separated from the interconnector.

Metallization of semiconductor substrates using a laser beam, and the resulting structures, e.g., micro-electronic devices, semiconductor substrates and/or solar cells, solar cell circuit, solar cell strings, and solar cell arrays are described. A solar cell string can include a plurality of solar cells. The plurality of solar cells can include a substrate and a plurality of semiconductor regions disposed in or above the substrate. A plurality of conductive contact structures is electrically connected to the plurality semiconductor regions. Each conductive contact structure includes a locally deposited metal portion disposed in contact with a corresponding one of the semiconductor regions.

A solar cell and a photovoltaic module including the same are provided. The solar cell includes a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; a first passivation stack disposed on the first surface and including a first oxygen-rich dielectric layer, a first silicon-rich dielectric layer, a second oxygen-rich dielectric layer, and a second silicon-rich dielectric layer that are sequentially disposed in a direction away from the first surface, wherein an atomic fraction of oxygen in the first oxygen-rich dielectric layer is less than an atomic fraction of oxygen in the second oxygen-rich dielectric layer; a tunneling oxide layer disposed on the second surface; a doped conductive layer disposed on a surface of the tunneling oxide layer; and a second passivation layer disposed on a surface of the doped conductive layer.

A solar cell assembly is presented. The solar cell assembly includes one or more solar cell units coupled in series. The solar cell unit includes a first solar cell series and a second solar cell series connected in parallel. The first and second solar cell series include a plurality of solar cells connecting in series respectively. The solar cell assembly also includes a bypass diode coupled to each solar cell unit and shared between the first and second solar cell series in each solar cell unit.