A method for forming a photovoltaic device includes providing a substrate. A layer is deposited to form one or more layers of a photovoltaic stack on the substrate. The depositing of the amorphous layer includes performing a high power flash deposition for depositing a first portion of the layer. A low power deposition is performed for depositing a second portion of the layer.

The present disclosure pertains to the field of back contact heterojunction cell technologies, and particularly relates to a mask-layer-free hybrid passivation back contact cell and a fabrication method thereof; the method includes: S101: providing a silicon wafer substrate; S102: sequentially forming a first semiconductor layer and a mask layer on a back surface of the silicon wafer substrate, wherein the first semiconductor layer includes a tunneling oxide layer and a first doped polycrystalline layer; S103: performing first etching on the first semiconductor layer on the obtained back surface to form first opening regions W.sub.1; S104: forming a textured surface in the first opening region W.sub.1 on the back surface by texturing and cleaning; S105: removing the mask layer; S106: forming a second semiconductor layer on the obtained back surface; and S107: performing second etching on a polished region of the obtained back surface.

The present disclosure pertains to the field of back contact heterojunction cell technologies, and particularly relates to a mask-layer-free hybrid passivation back contact cell and a fabrication method thereof; the method includes: S101: providing a silicon wafer substrate; S102: sequentially forming a first semiconductor layer and a mask layer on a back surface of the silicon wafer substrate, wherein the first semiconductor layer includes a tunneling oxide layer and a first doped polycrystalline layer; S103: performing first etching on the first semiconductor layer on the obtained back surface to form first opening regions W.sub.1; S104: forming a textured surface in the first opening region W.sub.1 on the back surface by texturing and cleaning; S105: removing the mask layer; S106: forming a second semiconductor layer on the obtained back surface; and S107: performing second etching on a polished region of the obtained back surface.

A solar cell and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes substrate, tunnel oxide layer, doped conductive layer, intrinsic polycrystalline silicon layer, enhanced conductive portion, and first electrodes. The tunnel oxide layer covers the first surface of the substrate. The doped conductive layer covers one side of the tunnel oxide layer away from the substrate. The intrinsic polycrystalline silicon layer is formed on one side of the doped conductive layer away from the tunnel oxide layer. The enhanced conductive portion covers one side of the intrinsic polycrystalline silicon layer away from the doped conductive layer, and is at least partially connected to the doped conductive layer. First electrodes are formed on one side of the enhanced conductive portion away from the intrinsic polycrystalline silicon layer, and at least part of each first electrode is located in the enhanced conductive portion to be electrically connected to the doped conductive layer.

A solar cell and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes substrate, tunnel oxide layer, doped conductive layer, intrinsic polycrystalline silicon layer, enhanced conductive portion, and first electrodes. The tunnel oxide layer covers the first surface of the substrate. The doped conductive layer covers one side of the tunnel oxide layer away from the substrate. The intrinsic polycrystalline silicon layer is formed on one side of the doped conductive layer away from the tunnel oxide layer. The enhanced conductive portion covers one side of the intrinsic polycrystalline silicon layer away from the doped conductive layer, and is at least partially connected to the doped conductive layer. First electrodes are formed on one side of the enhanced conductive portion away from the intrinsic polycrystalline silicon layer, and at least part of each first electrode is located in the enhanced conductive portion to be electrically connected to the doped conductive layer.

A solar cell and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes: a substrate including a first surface; a tunneling oxide layer covering the first surface; a doped conductive layer covering a surface of the tunneling oxide layer away from the substrate; an intrinsic polycrystalline silicon layer formed on one side of the doped conductive layer away from the tunneling oxide layer; and a plurality of first electrodes arranged on one side of the intrinsic polycrystalline silicon layer away from the doped conductive layer and electrically connected to the doped conductive layer. At least a portion of the first electrode is located in the intrinsic polycrystalline silicon layer, and a gap is defined between a top end of the first electrode and the substrate.

A solar cell and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes: a substrate including a first surface; a tunneling oxide layer covering the first surface; a doped conductive layer covering a surface of the tunneling oxide layer away from the substrate; an intrinsic polycrystalline silicon layer formed on one side of the doped conductive layer away from the tunneling oxide layer; and a plurality of first electrodes arranged on one side of the intrinsic polycrystalline silicon layer away from the doped conductive layer and electrically connected to the doped conductive layer. At least a portion of the first electrode is located in the intrinsic polycrystalline silicon layer, and a gap is defined between a top end of the first electrode and the substrate.

In a solar cell, the back surface of a substrate thereof is provided with alternately distributed emitter zones and back surface field zones. An emitter is formed in each emitter zone, and the emitters are made of boron-doped monocrystalline silicon. A back surface field is formed in each back surface field zone; the back surface fields comprise tunneling oxide layers and polycrystalline silicon layers in stacked distribution, the polycrystalline silicon layers being made of phosphorus-doped polycrystalline silicon, and the tunneling oxide layers being located between a polycrystalline silicon layer and a polycrystalline silicon layer. Positive electrodes are electrically connected to the emitters, and negative electrodes are electrically connected to the back surface fields. In the described solar cell, the light-receiving area of the front surface can be expanded and the recombination rate of electron-hole pairs can be reduced, thereby effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

In a solar cell, the back surface of a substrate thereof is provided with alternately distributed emitter zones and back surface field zones. An emitter is formed in each emitter zone, and the emitters are made of boron-doped monocrystalline silicon. A back surface field is formed in each back surface field zone; the back surface fields comprise tunneling oxide layers and polycrystalline silicon layers in stacked distribution, the polycrystalline silicon layers being made of phosphorus-doped polycrystalline silicon, and the tunneling oxide layers being located between a polycrystalline silicon layer and a polycrystalline silicon layer. Positive electrodes are electrically connected to the emitters, and negative electrodes are electrically connected to the back surface fields. In the described solar cell, the light-receiving area of the front surface can be expanded and the recombination rate of electron-hole pairs can be reduced, thereby effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

Disclosed are a solar cell and a tandem solar cell, and the solar cell includes a first conductive layer, a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite absorption layer, and a second conductive layer stacked along a first direction. The solar cell further includes a perovskite absorption layer including a bonding matrix and multiple monocrystal perovskite particles arranged in the bonding matrix, where the bonding matrix includes a first side and a second side opposite to the first side. At least some of the multiple monocrystal perovskite particles has first convex surfaces and second convex surfaces, the first convex surfaces protrude out of the first side and the second convex surfaces protrude out of the second side. The solar cell is at least beneficial for improving the stability and photoelectric conversion ability of the perovskite solar cell.