Provided is an anode material for a secondary battery which reduces and inhibits swelling of a high-capacity silicon-containing alloy material to realize excellent charge/discharge cycle characteristics. The anode material includes alloy particles containing a transition metal which has electron conductivity, is difficult to react with lithium atoms and is at least one selected from the group of metals that belong to transition metals, and silicon, wherein the alloy particles include amorphous silicon, and silicide microcrystals formed by silicon and the transition metal, and the silicide microcrystals are scattered in amorphous silicon.

Disclosed is a diffusion controlled reaction based alloying anodes through nanostructuring. The diffusion controlled reaction based alloying anode includes a carbon-alloy-based anode material nanocomposite composed of a carbon matrix and alloy-based anode material particles and formed via a diffusion-controlled induction process that is means for inducing the diffusion-controlled reaction.

A negative active material, a negative electrode, a lithium battery including the negative active material, and a method of manufacturing the negative active material, the negative electrode, and the lithium battery. The negative active material includes a silicon-based alloy including Si, Ti, Ni, and Fe components. The silicon-based alloy includes a Ti.sub.2Ni phase as an inactive phase and active silicon having a lower content than that of typical silicon-based alloys. The negative active material may improve discharge capacity and lifetime characteristics of lithium batteries.

An object of the present invention is to provide a fluoride ion battery in which excess voltage at the time of charging is decreased. The present invention achieves the object by providing a fluoride ion battery comprising a cathode active material layer containing a cathode active material, an anode active material layer containing an anode active material, and an electrolyte layer formed between the cathode active material layer and the anode active material layer; wherein the anode active material is an alloy containing at least a Ce element and a Pb element.

A method of manufacturing an electrode for secondary battery is provided. The method includes melting lithium at a first temperature to produce a first melt; stirring a metal fluoride powder together with the first melt at a second temperature to produce a second melt; and producing a lithium alloy electrode with the second melt, wherein the lithium alloy electrode includes lithium fluoride.

A method of manufacturing an electrode for secondary battery is provided. The method includes melting lithium at a first temperature to produce a first melt; stirring a metal fluoride powder together with the first melt at a second temperature to produce a second melt; and producing a lithium alloy electrode with the second melt, wherein the lithium alloy electrode includes lithium fluoride.