A method for renovation of a consumed anode in a metal-air cell without dismantling the cell according to embodiments of the present invention comprising circulating electrolyte through the cell to evacuate used slurry from the cell, circulating electrolyte with fresh slurry into the cell and allowing sedimentation of the fresh slurry inside the cell to form an anode and compacting the slurry to reduce the gaps between its particles. A meta-air cell enabling renovation of a consumed anode without dismantling the cell defining first outer face of the cell, air cathode layer adjacent the porous wall, separator wall disposed on the inner face of the air cathode layer, cell space volume to contain electrolyte and metal granules slurry, current collector layer to form an anode, made of current conductive material disposed in the space and flexible wall defining a second outer face of the cell wherein the flexible wall is adapted to be pushed towards inside of the cell subject to pressure applied to its outer face, thereby to reduce the volume of the space.

A method for renovation of a consumed anode in a metal-air cell without dismantling the cell according to embodiments of the present invention comprising circulating electrolyte through the cell to evacuate used slurry from the cell, circulating electrolyte with fresh slurry into the cell and allowing sedimentation of the fresh slurry inside the cell to form an anode and compacting the slurry to reduce the gaps between its particles. A meta-air cell enabling renovation of a consumed anode without dismantling the cell defining first outer face of the cell, air cathode layer adjacent the porous wall, separator wall disposed on the inner face of the air cathode layer, cell space volume to contain electrolyte and metal granules slurry, current collector layer to form an anode, made of current conductive material disposed in the space and flexible wall defining a second outer face of the cell wherein the flexible wall is adapted to be pushed towards inside of the cell subject to pressure applied to its outer face, thereby to reduce the volume of the space.

Disclosed herein is a secondary lithium-water electrochemical battery cell-comprising a water splitting bi-functional electrode in contact with an inorganic electrolyte, a reversible lithium electrode in contact with an organic electrolyte, a lithium salt and a Li.sup.+-ion conductive membrane disposed between the organic and inorganic electrolytes. Cell charged as LiO2 couple and discharged as LiH2 couple.

Disclosed herein is a secondary lithium-water electrochemical battery cell-comprising a water splitting bi-functional electrode in contact with an inorganic electrolyte, a reversible lithium electrode in contact with an organic electrolyte, a lithium salt and a Li.sup.+-ion conductive membrane disposed between the organic and inorganic electrolytes. Cell charged as LiO2 couple and discharged as LiH2 couple.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods of making such compositions, for making lithium-containing anodes and cathodes. Disclosed are batteries comprising such anodes and/or cathodes, and uses for such batteries. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

A metal foil electrode comprising i) a reinforcement layer formed from a porous substrate, and ii) first and second layers of metal foil formed comprising lithium and/or sodium, wherein the reinforcement layer is disposed between the first and second metal foil layers and bonded (preferably pressure bonded) together to form a composite structure having a thickness of 100 microns or less.

A metal foil electrode comprising i) a reinforcement layer formed from a porous substrate, and ii) first and second layers of metal foil formed comprising lithium and/or sodium, wherein the reinforcement layer is disposed between the first and second metal foil layers and bonded (preferably pressure bonded) together to form a composite structure having a thickness of 100 microns or less.

A negative electrode for an alkaline battery cell which includes zinc-based particles, wherein less than 20% of the zinc-based particles, by weight relative to the total zinc in the electrode, have a particle size of greater than about 150 micrometers, is provided. An alkaline electrochemical cell that includes the negative electrode and a method for reducing the gassing of the electrochemical cell is also provided.

A negative electrode for an alkaline battery cell which includes zinc-based particles, wherein less than 20% of the zinc-based particles, by weight relative to the total zinc in the electrode, have a particle size of greater than about 150 micrometers, is provided. An alkaline electrochemical cell that includes the negative electrode and a method for reducing the gassing of the electrochemical cell is also provided.

Alkaline electrochemical cells are provided, wherein a long-chain surfactant is included in at least one component of the cell in order to delay anode shutdown. Methods for preparing such cells are also provided.