In an embodiment an electrochemical cell includes a first electrode having a first surface area A1, a second electrode having a second surface area A2, an electrolyte arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the electrochemical cell is configured to provide a first electrochemical half-cell reaction at the first electrode and provide a second electrochemical half-cell reaction at the second electrode, and wherein a surface area ratio A1/A2 is larger than a stoichiometric ratio of the first half-cell reaction and the second half-cell reaction.

An anode active material for lithium-ion battery is provided. The anode active material includes a composite material comprising a binary or multi-element metal alloy and a conductive material. The binary or multi-element metal alloy is granular, a particle size of a binary or multi-element metal alloy particle is in micron-sized, and the binary or multi-element metal alloy has lattice reversibility. The conductive material is coated on a surface of a binary or multi-element metal alloy particle. The binary or multi-element metal alloy particle is completely wrapped by the conductive material. A method of making the anode active material is also provided. A lithium-ion battery using the anode active material is also provided.

An anode active material for lithium-ion battery is provided. The anode active material includes a composite material comprising a binary or multi-element metal alloy and a conductive material. The binary or multi-element metal alloy is granular, a particle size of a binary or multi-element metal alloy particle is in micron-sized, and the binary or multi-element metal alloy has lattice reversibility. The conductive material is coated on a surface of a binary or multi-element metal alloy particle. The binary or multi-element metal alloy particle is completely wrapped by the conductive material. A method of making the anode active material is also provided. A lithium-ion battery using the anode active material is also provided.

Provided are an electrode plate and a lithium-ion battery, the electrode plate includes a current collector layer, a semiconductor layer and an alkali metal replenishing layer. The semiconductor layer is disposed on at least one surface of the current collector layer. The alkali metal replenishing layer is a lithium-replenishing agent layer or a sodium-replenishing agent layer. The alkali metal replenishing layer is arranged on a side of the semiconductor layer far away from the current collector layer.

Embodiments of the present application provide a lithium metal negative electrode, a preparation method therefor and related lithium metal battery and device. The lithium metal negative electrode may comprise: a negative electrode current collector; at least one lithium-based metal layer provided on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector; and an ion-conducting polymer modification layer, which is located on the surface of one of the at least one lithium-based metal layer and comprises at least catalytic amount of a Lewis acid, the Lewis acid containing cations of a metal capable of forming an alloy-type active material with lithium.

Embodiments of the present application provide a lithium metal negative electrode, a preparation method therefor and related lithium metal battery and device. The lithium metal negative electrode may comprise: a negative electrode current collector; at least one lithium-based metal layer provided on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector; and an ion-conducting polymer modification layer, which is located on the surface of one of the at least one lithium-based metal layer and comprises at least catalytic amount of a Lewis acid, the Lewis acid containing cations of a metal capable of forming an alloy-type active material with lithium.

Hybrid electrodes for batteries are disclosed having a protective electrochemically active layer on a metal layer. Other hybrid electrodes include a silicon salt on a metal electrode. The protective layer can be formed directly from the reaction between the metal electrode and a metal salt in a pre-treatment solution and/or from a reaction of the metal salt added in an electrolyte so that the protective layer can be formed in situ during battery formation cycles.

Hybrid electrodes for batteries are disclosed having a protective electrochemically active layer on a metal layer. Other hybrid electrodes include a silicon salt on a metal electrode. The protective layer can be formed directly from the reaction between the metal electrode and a metal salt in a pre-treatment solution and/or from a reaction of the metal salt added in an electrolyte so that the protective layer can be formed in situ during battery formation cycles.

Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a lithium metal secondary battery including a lithium metal electrode as a negative electrode, wherein the lithium metal electrode has a protective layer formed thereon, and the lithium metal secondary battery is discharged before its initial charge during an activation step of the lithium metal secondary battery so that stripping occurs on the surface of the lithium metal electrode.

Systems and methods for water soluble weak acidic resins as carbon precursors for silicon-dominant anodes may include an electrode coating layer on a current collector, where the electrode coating layer is formed from silicon and pyrolyzed water-soluble acidic polyamide imide as a primary resin carbon precursor. The electrode coating layer may include a pyrolyzed water-based acidic polymer solution additive. The polymer solution additive may include one or more of: polyacrylic acid (PAA) solution, poly (maleic acid, methyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid, butadiene/maleic acid) solutions, and water soluble polyacrylic acid. The electrode coating layer may include conductive additives. The current collector may include a metal foil, where the metal current collector includes one or more of a copper, tungsten, stainless steel, and nickel foil in electrical contact with the electrode coating layer. The electrode coating layer may be more than 70% silicon.