A nanoparticle cluster reduction method yields a new composition of matter including a large percentage (e.g., 75% or higher percentage) of primary nanoparticles in the new composition of matter. The particle reduction method reduces the size of nanoparticle clusters in material of the new composition of matter, allows particle reduction of specific nanoparticle cluster sizes, and allows particle reduction to primary nanoparticles. This new composition of matter can include a high permittivity and high resistivity dielectric compound. This new composition of matter, according to certain examples, has high permittivity, high resistivity, and low leakage current. In certain examples, the new composition of matter constitutes a dielectric energy storage device that is a battery with very high energy density, high operating voltage per cell, and an extended battery life cycle. An example method can include a controlled gas evolution reaction to reduce the size of nanoparticle clusters.

An all solid battery includes a multilayer chip in which each of a plurality of solid electrolyte layers including solid electrolyte and each of a plurality of internal electrodes including an electrode active material are alternately stacked, the multilayer chip having a rectangular parallelepiped shape, the plurality of internal electrodes being alternately exposed to two side faces of the multilayer chip other than two end faces of a stacking direction of the multilayer chip, and a pair of external electrodes that contacts the two side faces. At least one of the pair of external electrodes includes an electrode active material of which a pole is a same as that of an electrode active material of the internal electrode which contacts the one of the pair of external electrodes.

An electrochemical cell is provided herein as well as methods for preparing electrochemical cells. The electrochemical cell includes a negative electrode and a positive electrode. The negative electrode includes a prelithiated electroactive material including a lithium silicide. Lithium is present in the prelithiated electroactive material in an amount corresponding to greater than or equal to about 10% of a state of charge of the negative electrode. The electrochemical cell has a negative electrode capacity to positive electrode capacity for lithium (N/P) ratio of greater than or equal to about 1, and the electrochemical cell is capable of operating at an operating voltage of less than or equal to about 5 volts.

An electrochemical cell is provided herein as well as methods for preparing electrochemical cells. The electrochemical cell includes a negative electrode and a positive electrode. The negative electrode includes a prelithiated electroactive material including a lithium silicide. Lithium is present in the prelithiated electroactive material in an amount corresponding to greater than or equal to about 10% of a state of charge of the negative electrode. The electrochemical cell has a negative electrode capacity to positive electrode capacity for lithium (N/P) ratio of greater than or equal to about 1, and the electrochemical cell is capable of operating at an operating voltage of less than or equal to about 5 volts.

Disclosed herein are electrodes for electrochemical devices and methods of making the electrodes. The electrodes include an electrode body comprising a plurality of channels wherein at least a portion of the channels extend from the first surface to the second surface of the electrode body. In the methods of making the electrodes, a combination of binder chemistry, solid loading, dispersant, types of carbon network, substrate surface modification, and drying temperature and time can be used to control the channel size and density.

A method of producing a powder mass for a lithium battery, the method comprising: (a) providing a solution containing a sulfonated elastomer dissolved in a solvent or a precursor in a liquid form or dissolved in a solvent; (b) dispersing a plurality of particles of a cathode active material in the solution to form a slurry; and (c) dispensing the slurry and removing the solvent and/or polymerizing/curing the precursor to form the powder mass, wherein the powder mass comprises multiple particulates and at least a particulate comprises one or a plurality of particles of a cathode active material being encapsulated by a thin layer of sulfonated elastomer having a thickness from 1 nm to 10 μm, a fully recoverable tensile strain from 2% to 800%, and a lithium ion conductivity from 10.sup.−7 S/cm to 5×10.sup.−2 S/cm at room temperature.

The present disclosure relates to an anode electrode active material for a secondary battery containing nickel cobalt molybdenum oxide, an anode electrode for a secondary battery including the same, a secondary battery including the anode electrode for a secondary battery, and a method for manufacturing the same. The novel anode electrode material for a sodium secondary battery containing nickel cobalt molybdenum oxide according to the present disclosure allows intercalation/deintercalation reaction of sodium ion during charge/discharge and does not undergo significant volume change during the intercalation reaction because structure is maintained stably during repeated charge/discharge. As a result, electrode damage and electric short circuit are decreased and, thus, improved electrochemical characteristics can be achieved in long-life and high-rate capability.

A positive electrode active substance for a secondary cell, where the positive electrode active substance is capable of suppressing adsorption of water effectively in order to obtain a high-performance lithium ion secondary cell or sodium ion secondary cell. The positive electrode active substance contains 0.3 to 5 mass % of graphite, 0.1 to 4 mass % of carbon obtained by carbonizing a water-soluble carbon material, or 0.1 to 5 mass % of a metal fluoride is supported on a composite containing a compound which contains at least iron or manganese, where the compound is represented by formula (A) LiFe.sub.aMn.sub.bM.sub.cPO.sub.4, formula (B) Li.sub.2Fe.sub.dMn.sub.eN.sub.fSiO.sub.4, or formula (C) NaFe.sub.gMn.sub.hQ.sub.iPO.sub.4, and carbon obtained by carbonizing a cellulose nanofiber.

A positive electrode active substance for a secondary cell, where the positive electrode active substance is capable of suppressing adsorption of water effectively in order to obtain a high-performance lithium ion secondary cell or sodium ion secondary cell. The positive electrode active substance contains 0.3 to 5 mass % of graphite, 0.1 to 4 mass % of carbon obtained by carbonizing a water-soluble carbon material, or 0.1 to 5 mass % of a metal fluoride is supported on a composite containing a compound which contains at least iron or manganese, where the compound is represented by formula (A) LiFe.sub.aMn.sub.bM.sub.cPO.sub.4, formula (B) Li.sub.2Fe.sub.dMn.sub.eN.sub.fSiO.sub.4, or formula (C) NaFe.sub.gMn.sub.hQ.sub.iPO.sub.4, and carbon obtained by carbonizing a cellulose nanofiber.

The present invention is directed to electrodepositable compositions comprising: (a) an aqueous medium; (b) an ionic resin; and (c) solid particles comprising: (i) lithium-containing particles, and (ii) electrically conductive particles, wherein the composition has a weight ratio of the solid particles to the ionic resin of at least 17:1, and wherein the weight ratio of the lithium-containing particles to the electrically conductive particles is at least 3:1. The present invention is additionally directed to a battery electrode comprising a substrate and a coating applied to a surface of the substrate. The coating is deposited from the electrodepositable composition described above.