The present disclosure relates to a composite material of formula (I): (LPS).sub.a(OIPC).sub.b wherein each of a and b is a mass % value from 1% to 99% such that a+b is 100%; (LPS) is a material selected from the group consisting of Li.sub.3PS.sub.4, Li.sub.7P.sub.3S.sub.11, Li.sub.10GeP.sub.2S.sub.11, and a material of formula (II): xLi.sub.2S.yP.sub.2S.sub.5.(100−x−y)LiX; wherein X is I, Cl or Br, each of x and y is a mass % value of from 33.3% to 50% such that x+y is from 75% to 100% and the total mass % of Li.sub.2S, P.sub.2S.sub.5 and LiX is 100%; and (OIPC) is a salt of a cation and a closo-borane cluster anion.

Provided is a cathode that is configured to decrease battery resistance when it is used in an all-solid-state battery, and a method for producing the cathode. Disclosed is a cathode comprising a cathode layer for all-solid-state batteries, wherein the cathode layer contains cathode active material particles and solid electrolyte particles; wherein at least one of the cathode active material particles and the solid electrolyte particles contain a phosphorus element; and wherein, in a photoelectron spectrum by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement of the cathode layer, a P peak intensity ratio (A/B), which is derived from the phosphorus element, of a signal intensity A at a binding energy of 131.6 eV to a signal intensity B at a binding energy of 133.1 eV, is larger than 0.58.

The epsilon polymorph of vanadyl phosphate, ε-VOPO.sub.4, made from the solvothermally synthesized H.sub.2VOPO.sub.4, is a high density cathode material for lithium-ion batteries optimized to reversibly intercalate two Li-ions to reach the full theoretical capacity at least 50 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 98%. This material adopts a stable 3D tunnel structure and can extract two Li-ions per vanadium ion, giving a theoretical capacity of 305 mAh/g, with an upper charge/discharge plateau at around 4.0 V, and one lower at around 2.5 V.

The epsilon polymorph of vanadyl phosphate, ε-VOPO.sub.4, made from the solvothermally synthesized H.sub.2VOPO.sub.4, is a high density cathode material for lithium-ion batteries optimized to reversibly intercalate two Li-ions to reach the full theoretical capacity at least 50 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 98%. This material adopts a stable 3D tunnel structure and can extract two Li-ions per vanadium ion, giving a theoretical capacity of 305 mAh/g, with an upper charge/discharge plateau at around 4.0 V, and one lower at around 2.5 V.

An apparatus for manufacturing a positive electrode film and a manufacturing method using the same are provided. A positive electrode film manufactured according to the method, a lithium secondary battery comprising the same, a battery module comprising the same, and a battery pack comprising the same are also provided. The apparatus includes a flattening part, which flattens a positive electrode material in a powder state, and is capable of manufacturing a positive electrode film having a uniform loading amount and a large area easily, and performing a continuous process to improve productivity.

Disclosed are an all-solid-state battery having a protective layer including a composite including a metal sulfide and a carbon component, and a method for manufacturing the same. The all-solid-state battery includes an anode current collector, the protective layer disposed on the anode current collector, a solid electrolyte layer disposed on the protective layer, a cathode active material layer disposed on the solid electrolyte layer, and a cathode current collector disposed on the cathode active material layer, and the protective layer includes a matrix comprising the composite including the metal sulfide and the carbon component, and a metal component distributed in the matrix and capable of alloying with lithium.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of energy storage, and in particular, relates to a positive electrode, a method for preparing the positive electrode and an electrochemical device. The positive electrode includes a current collector and a positive electrode active material layer that contains positive electrode active material and is arranged on at least one surface of the current collector. An inorganic layer having a thickness of 20 nm to 2000 nm is arranged on the surface of the at least one positive electrode active material layer away from the current collector. The inorganic layer is a porous dielectric layer containing no binder, and the inorganic layer has a porosity of 10%˜60%. The positive electrode active material layer according to the present disclosure significantly improves the cycle performance, high-temperature storage performance and safety of the electrochemical device.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of energy storage, and in particular, relates to a positive electrode, a method for preparing the positive electrode and an electrochemical device. The positive electrode includes a current collector and a positive electrode active material layer that contains positive electrode active material and is arranged on at least one surface of the current collector. An inorganic layer having a thickness of 20 nm to 2000 nm is arranged on the surface of the at least one positive electrode active material layer away from the current collector. The inorganic layer is a porous dielectric layer containing no binder, and the inorganic layer has a porosity of 10%˜60%. The positive electrode active material layer according to the present disclosure significantly improves the cycle performance, high-temperature storage performance and safety of the electrochemical device.

The present invention provides a positive-electrode active material for a lithium-ion secondary cell or a sodium-ion secondary cell, which can effectively exhibit more excellent charge/discharge characteristics; and a method for manufacturing the positive-electrode active material. Namely, the present invention relates to a positive-electrode active material for a secondary cell comprising an oxide represented by formula (A): LiFe.sub.aMn.sub.bM.sub.cPO.sub.4, formula (B): LiFe.sub.aMn.sub.bM.sub.cSiO.sub.4, or formula (C): NaFe.sub.gMn.sub.hQ.sub.iPO.sub.4; and carbon derived from a cellulose nanofiber supported thereon.

The present invention provides a positive-electrode active material for a lithium-ion secondary cell or a sodium-ion secondary cell, which can effectively exhibit more excellent charge/discharge characteristics; and a method for manufacturing the positive-electrode active material. Namely, the present invention relates to a positive-electrode active material for a secondary cell comprising an oxide represented by formula (A): LiFe.sub.aMn.sub.bM.sub.cPO.sub.4, formula (B): LiFe.sub.aMn.sub.bM.sub.cSiO.sub.4, or formula (C): NaFe.sub.gMn.sub.hQ.sub.iPO.sub.4; and carbon derived from a cellulose nanofiber supported thereon.