The present disclosure relates to a prelithiation solution and a method for preparing a prelithiated anode using the same. The prelithiation solution and the method for preparing a prelithiated anode using the same according to the present disclosure allow uniform intercalation of lithium ions throughout the anode chemically in a solution via a simple process of immersing the anode in a prelithiation solution having a sufficiently low redox potential as compared to an anode active material. A prelithiated anode prepared by this method has an ideal initial coulombic efficiency and a lithium secondary battery with a high energy density can be prepared based thereon. In addition, the prepared anode is advantageously applicable to large-scale production due to superior stability even in dry air.

An energy storage device includes a positive electrode having a positive active material layer containing an active material in the form of particles. The positive active material layer contains primary particles of the active material and secondary particles formed by aggregation of a plurality of primary particles. The proportion of primary particles relative to all particles of the active material in the positive active material layer is 5% or more and 40% or less. An method for producing an energy storage device includes preparing a positive electrode having a positive active material layer by forming a positive active material layer from a composite containing at least secondary particles of an active material, and assembling an energy storage device using the prepared positive electrode. In the preparation of the positive electrode, the positive active material layer is pressed to deagglomerate some of the secondary particles into primary particles, and the proportion of primary particles relative to all particles of the active material in the positive active material layer is adjusted to 5% or more and 40% or less.

An energy storage device includes a positive electrode having a positive active material layer containing an active material in the form of particles. The positive active material layer contains primary particles of the active material and secondary particles formed by aggregation of a plurality of primary particles. The proportion of primary particles relative to all particles of the active material in the positive active material layer is 5% or more and 40% or less. An method for producing an energy storage device includes preparing a positive electrode having a positive active material layer by forming a positive active material layer from a composite containing at least secondary particles of an active material, and assembling an energy storage device using the prepared positive electrode. In the preparation of the positive electrode, the positive active material layer is pressed to deagglomerate some of the secondary particles into primary particles, and the proportion of primary particles relative to all particles of the active material in the positive active material layer is adjusted to 5% or more and 40% or less.

A graphene-enhanced transition metal fluoride or chloride hybrid particulate for use as a lithium battery cathode active material, wherein the particulate is formed of a single or a plurality of graphene sheets and a plurality of fine transition metal fluoride or chloride particles with a size smaller than 10 μm (preferably sub-micron or nano-scaled), and the graphene sheets and the particles are mutually bonded or agglomerated into an individual discrete particulate with at least a graphene sheet embracing the transition metal fluoride or chloride particles, and wherein the particulate has an electrical conductivity no less than 10.sup.−4 S/cm and the graphene is in an amount of from 0.01% to 30% by weight based on the total weight of graphene and the transition metal fluoride or chloride combined.

A graphene-enhanced transition metal fluoride or chloride hybrid particulate for use as a lithium battery cathode active material, wherein the particulate is formed of a single or a plurality of graphene sheets and a plurality of fine transition metal fluoride or chloride particles with a size smaller than 10 μm (preferably sub-micron or nano-scaled), and the graphene sheets and the particles are mutually bonded or agglomerated into an individual discrete particulate with at least a graphene sheet embracing the transition metal fluoride or chloride particles, and wherein the particulate has an electrical conductivity no less than 10.sup.−4 S/cm and the graphene is in an amount of from 0.01% to 30% by weight based on the total weight of graphene and the transition metal fluoride or chloride combined.

A method of forming a sulfur-based cathode material includes: 1) providing a sulfur-based nanostructure; 2) coating the nanostructure with an encapsulating material to form a shell surrounding the nanostructure; and 3) removing a portion of the nanostructure through the shell to form a void within the shell, with a remaining portion of the nanostructure disposed within the shell.

This invention relates to an electrode comprising (a) as an anion, a halide of either bismuth or antimony, wherein the halide is bromide or iodide, and (b) a cation. The invention also relates to a sodium ion or lithium ion battery comprising the electrode, and a laptop, mobile phone, electric vehicle or grid storage system comprising the sodium ion or lithium ion battery. In addition, the invention relates to a method of making the electrode comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a first solution comprising a halide of either bismuth or antimony, wherein the halide is bromide or iodide, (b) preparing a second solution comprising a cation, (c) mixing the first and second solutions, and (d) drying the resulting product.

Systems, articles, and methods generally related to the electrochemical formation of layers comprising halogen ions on substrates are described.

Systems, articles, and methods generally related to the electrochemical formation of layers comprising halogen ions on substrates are described.

A solid-state battery (20) with a solid electrolyte (8) and to the method for producing same. The method includes: protonating a body (11) containing, preferably being entirely made of, a protonatable ceramic material, to form a protonated layer (12, 13) on the body (11); depositing a metal element forming an anode (14) on the protonated layer (13) on a first side (7) of the body (11); assembling a cathode (15) on a second side (9) of the body (11), preferably opposite the first side (7) of the anode (14); and forming dendrites (18) from the metal element in the protonated layer (13) of the body (11).