The invention relates to a rechargeable lithium battery comprising a composite anode (negative electrode) containing a metal nitrogen compound as the electrochemically active component in the composite anode, according to the general formulas (I) and/or (II)

Li.sub.xM.sup.2.sub.z(NH).sub.0.5x+z  (I)

Li.sub.mM.sup.2.sub.n(NH.sub.2).sub.1+n  (II),

wherein (I) and (II) are present in any mixing ratio and M.sup.2=an alkaline earth element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or any mixture thereof, with x=0-4; z=0-2; m=1 or 0; n=1 or 0, where (m+n)=1, and wherein they correspond to the fully discharged, lithium-poorest state of charge of the nitrogen-containing compounds, a cathode (positive electrode), separated therefrom by a separator, containing lithium-insertable compounds selected from metal oxides, lithium metal oxides, lithium oxides and lithium hydroxide and an aprotic lithium electrolyte, wherein the electrochemically active metal nitrogen compounds of the composite anode are embedded in a transition metal-containing electronically or—mixed-conductive network consisting of finely divided transition metals and/or electronically or mixed-conductive interstitial transition metal compounds, and the weight ratio between the components forming the network and the nitrogen-containing compounds I and/or II is in the range of 1:100 to 1:2.

The invention relates to a rechargeable lithium battery comprising a composite anode (negative electrode) containing a metal nitrogen compound as the electrochemically active component in the composite anode, according to the general formulas (I) and/or (II)

Li.sub.xM.sup.2.sub.z(NH).sub.0.5x+z  (I)

Li.sub.mM.sup.2.sub.n(NH.sub.2).sub.1+n  (II),

wherein (I) and (II) are present in any mixing ratio and M.sup.2=an alkaline earth element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or any mixture thereof, with x=0-4; z=0-2; m=1 or 0; n=1 or 0, where (m+n)=1, and wherein they correspond to the fully discharged, lithium-poorest state of charge of the nitrogen-containing compounds, a cathode (positive electrode), separated therefrom by a separator, containing lithium-insertable compounds selected from metal oxides, lithium metal oxides, lithium oxides and lithium hydroxide and an aprotic lithium electrolyte, wherein the electrochemically active metal nitrogen compounds of the composite anode are embedded in a transition metal-containing electronically or—mixed-conductive network consisting of finely divided transition metals and/or electronically or mixed-conductive interstitial transition metal compounds, and the weight ratio between the components forming the network and the nitrogen-containing compounds I and/or II is in the range of 1:100 to 1:2.

A process for preparing a cathode of a lithium battery, having the following steps: (a) Longitudinally punching a metal band to form irregular filamentous holes, horizontally stretching the metal band, and performing compaction to give the metal net irregular filamentous holes; (b) After the metal net is cleaned and dried, processing the metal net surface by a laser less than 5W, of 500-1000W, and of 10-100W sequentially; and (c) Coating the metal net, having the surface processed with lasers, with a prepared cathode paste, and drying, pressing, and cutting the metal net to obtain a battery cathode.

A nanoparticle and a method for fabricating the nanoparticle utilize a decomposable material yoke located within permeable organic polymer material shell and separated from the permeable organic polymer material shell by a void space. When the decomposable material yoke comprises a sulfur material and the permeable organic polymer material shell comprises a material permeable to both a sulfur material vapor and a lithium ion within a battery electrolyte the nanoparticle may be used within an electrode for a Li/S battery absent the negative effects of battery electrode materials expansion.

A nanoparticle and a method for fabricating the nanoparticle utilize a decomposable material yoke located within permeable organic polymer material shell and separated from the permeable organic polymer material shell by a void space. When the decomposable material yoke comprises a sulfur material and the permeable organic polymer material shell comprises a material permeable to both a sulfur material vapor and a lithium ion within a battery electrolyte the nanoparticle may be used within an electrode for a Li/S battery absent the negative effects of battery electrode materials expansion.

The present invention provides a lithium secondary battery for an ISS which can be discharged at not less than 20 ItA when temperature is −30 degrees centigrade and can be charged at not less than 50 ItA. The positive electrode material consists of a mixture of lithium-containing metal phosphate compound particles whose surfaces are coated with an amorphous carbon material and a conductive carbon material, in which atoms of the surface carbon materials are chemically bonded to one another. The negative electrode material contains at least one kind of particles selected from among graphite particles whose surfaces are coated with an amorphous carbon material, having a specific surface area of not less than 6 m.sup.2/g and soft carbon particles. A mixed electrolyte contains lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium bis fluorosulfonyl imide.

The present invention provides a lithium secondary battery for an ISS which can be discharged at not less than 20 ItA when temperature is −30 degrees centigrade and can be charged at not less than 50 ItA. The positive electrode material consists of a mixture of lithium-containing metal phosphate compound particles whose surfaces are coated with an amorphous carbon material and a conductive carbon material, in which atoms of the surface carbon materials are chemically bonded to one another. The negative electrode material contains at least one kind of particles selected from among graphite particles whose surfaces are coated with an amorphous carbon material, having a specific surface area of not less than 6 m.sup.2/g and soft carbon particles. A mixed electrolyte contains lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium bis fluorosulfonyl imide.

A positive electrode for a secondary battery which enables both good battery characteristics and electrode strength at a predetermined level, a secondary battery, and a method for fabricating the positive electrode for a secondary battery are provided. The positive electrode for a secondary battery includes a current collector and an active material layer over the current collector. The active material layer includes an active material, graphene, and a binder. A carbon layer is on a surface of the active material. The proportion of the graphene in the active material layer is greater than or equal to 0.1 wt % and less than or equal to 1.0 wt %.

A positive electrode for a secondary battery which enables both good battery characteristics and electrode strength at a predetermined level, a secondary battery, and a method for fabricating the positive electrode for a secondary battery are provided. The positive electrode for a secondary battery includes a current collector and an active material layer over the current collector. The active material layer includes an active material, graphene, and a binder. A carbon layer is on a surface of the active material. The proportion of the graphene in the active material layer is greater than or equal to 0.1 wt % and less than or equal to 1.0 wt %.

Described is a method of synthesizing a plurality of core-shell nanoparticles. The method includes forming shells around a plurality of lithium sulfide nanoparticles, wherein the shells conduct electrons and lithium ions.