The present application provides an electrode plate and a preparation method therefor, and a battery. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing and granulating an active substance, a conductive agent, a solvent and a binder to obtain mixed particles; and (2) performing lamination on the mixed particles in step (1) and a current collector in a laminator to obtain an electrode plate, wherein the laminator has three or more rollers.

An immobilized selenium body, made from carbon and selenium and optionally sulfur, makes selenium more stable, requiring a higher temperature or an increase in kinetic energy for selenium to escape from the immobilized selenium body and enter a gas system, as compared to selenium alone. Immobilized selenium localized in a carbon skeleton can be utilized in a rechargeable battery. Immobilization of the selenium can impart compression stress on both the carbon skeleton and the selenium. Such compression stress enhances the electrical conductivity in the carbon skeleton and among the selenium particles and creates an interface for electrons to be delivered and or harvested in use of the battery. A rechargeable battery made from immobilized selenium can be charged or discharged at a faster rate over conventional batteries and can demonstrate excellent cycling stability.

An immobilized selenium body, made from carbon and selenium and optionally sulfur, makes selenium more stable, requiring a higher temperature or an increase in kinetic energy for selenium to escape from the immobilized selenium body and enter a gas system, as compared to selenium alone. Immobilized selenium localized in a carbon skeleton can be utilized in a rechargeable battery. Immobilization of the selenium can impart compression stress on both the carbon skeleton and the selenium. Such compression stress enhances the electrical conductivity in the carbon skeleton and among the selenium particles and creates an interface for electrons to be delivered and or harvested in use of the battery. A rechargeable battery made from immobilized selenium can be charged or discharged at a faster rate over conventional batteries and can demonstrate excellent cycling stability.

Process for making a cathode comprising the following steps (a) Providing a cathode active material selected from layered lithium transition metal oxides, lithiated spinels, lithium transition metal phosphate with olivine structure, and lithium nickel-cobalt aluminum oxides, (b) treating said cathode active material with an oligomer bearing units according to general formula (I a), wherein R.sup.1 are the same or different and selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl, aryl, and C.sub.4-C.sub.7-cycloalkyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are selected independently at each occurrence from phenyl and C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.7-cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8-haloalkyl, OPR.sup.1(O)*, and (CR.sup.9.sub.2).sub.pSi(R.sup.2).sub.2* wherein one or more non-vicinal CR.sup.9.sub.2 groups may be replaced by oxygen, R.sup.9 is selected independently at each occurrence from H and C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl, and p is a variable from zero to 6, and wherein the overall majority of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl, and, optionally, at least one of carbon in electrically conductive form and, optionally, a binder, c) applying a slurry of said treated cathode active material to a current collector, and d) at least partially removing solvent used in step (c).

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Various methods and techniques for enhancing a silicon-containing anode for a battery cell are presented. The methods may include providing a silicon-containing anode having reversible electrochemical capabilities including a silicon-containing material and an anode material compatible with a lithium-ion battery chemistry having porous and conductive mechanical properties. The methods may also include enriching a surface layer of the silicon-containing anode with sodium ions to intersperse the sodium ions between silicon atoms of the silicon-containing matieral. The methods may also include displacing the sodium ions with potassium ions to form a comrpession layer in the silicon-containing anode. The potassium ions may place the silicon atoms of the silicon-containing material in a pre-compressive state to counteract internal stress exerted on the silicon-containing material.

Various methods and techniques for enhancing a silicon-containing anode for a battery cell are presented. The methods may include providing a silicon-containing anode having reversible electrochemical capabilities including a silicon-containing material and an anode material compatible with a lithium-ion battery chemistry having porous and conductive mechanical properties. The methods may also include enriching a surface layer of the silicon-containing anode with sodium ions to intersperse the sodium ions between silicon atoms of the silicon-containing matieral. The methods may also include displacing the sodium ions with potassium ions to form a comrpession layer in the silicon-containing anode. The potassium ions may place the silicon atoms of the silicon-containing material in a pre-compressive state to counteract internal stress exerted on the silicon-containing material.

A battery electrode composition is provided that comprises composite particles. Each composite particle may comprise, for example, active fluoride material and a nanoporous, electrically-conductive scaffolding matrix within which the active fluoride material is disposed. The active fluoride material is provided to store and release ions during battery operation. The storing and releasing of the ions may cause a substantial change in volume of the active material. The scaffolding matrix structurally supports the active material, electrically interconnects the active material, and accommodates the changes in volume of the active material.

A battery electrode composition is provided that comprises composite particles. Each composite particle may comprise, for example, active fluoride material and a nanoporous, electrically-conductive scaffolding matrix within which the active fluoride material is disposed. The active fluoride material is provided to store and release ions during battery operation. The storing and releasing of the ions may cause a substantial change in volume of the active material. The scaffolding matrix structurally supports the active material, electrically interconnects the active material, and accommodates the changes in volume of the active material.

A lithium sulfide (Li.sub.2S.sub.w)-lithium phosphorus sulfide (Li.sub.xP.sub.yS.sub.z) composite, electrochemical cells comprising the same, and methods for making the same are described herein. By the mechanochemical method described herein, the Li.sub.2S.sub.wLi.sub.xP.sub.yS.sub.z composite can be formed and used as the active material in a positive electrode for a variety of electrochemical cells. It is shown herein that the composite is an electrochemically active cathode material. Further, it has been shown that the Li.sub.2S.sub.wLi.sub.xP.sub.yS.sub.z composite shows increased resistance to decomposition and H.sub.2S generation than Li.sub.2S.

A lithium sulfide (Li.sub.2S.sub.w)-lithium phosphorus sulfide (Li.sub.xP.sub.yS.sub.z) composite, electrochemical cells comprising the same, and methods for making the same are described herein. By the mechanochemical method described herein, the Li.sub.2S.sub.wLi.sub.xP.sub.yS.sub.z composite can be formed and used as the active material in a positive electrode for a variety of electrochemical cells. It is shown herein that the composite is an electrochemically active cathode material. Further, it has been shown that the Li.sub.2S.sub.wLi.sub.xP.sub.yS.sub.z composite shows increased resistance to decomposition and H.sub.2S generation than Li.sub.2S.