A mixture of amorphous PAHs and at least one of a carrier ion storage metal, a Sn compound, a carrier ion storage alloy, a metal compound, Si, Sb, and SiO.sub.2 is used as the negative electrode active material. The theoretical capacity of amorphous PAHs greatly exceeds that of a graphite based carbon material. Thus, the use of amorphous PAHs enables the negative electrode active material to have a higher capacity than in the case of using the graphite-based carbon material. Further, addition of at least one of the carrier ion storage metal, the Sn compound, the carrier ion storage alloy, the metal compound, Si, Sb, and SiO.sub.2 to the amorphous PAHs enables the negative electrode active material to have a higher capacity than the case of only using the amorphous PAHs.

A mixture of amorphous PAHs and at least one of a carrier ion storage metal, a Sn compound, a carrier ion storage alloy, a metal compound, Si, Sb, and SiO.sub.2 is used as the negative electrode active material. The theoretical capacity of amorphous PAHs greatly exceeds that of a graphite based carbon material. Thus, the use of amorphous PAHs enables the negative electrode active material to have a higher capacity than in the case of using the graphite-based carbon material. Further, addition of at least one of the carrier ion storage metal, the Sn compound, the carrier ion storage alloy, the metal compound, Si, Sb, and SiO.sub.2 to the amorphous PAHs enables the negative electrode active material to have a higher capacity than the case of only using the amorphous PAHs.

The present disclosure relates to an invention directed to a composite separator having a porous coating layer, where the porous coating layer is prepared from a slurry by adjusting a particle diameter of an inorganic matter that is an ingredient of the slurry, so that a sinking rate of the inorganic particles may remarkably slow down and dispersibility may be dramatically improved, and as a result, the content of the inorganic particles may relatively increase and the inorganic particles may be uniformly distributed in the coating layer on a substrate, thereby preventing a reduction in battery performance.

Briefly, a sensor for a continuous biological monitor is provided that has a working electrode with an enhanced enzyme layer that in one embodiment is made by mixing an aqueous polyurethane emulsion with an acrylic polyol emulsion to make a base emulsion. An enzyme is added to the base emulsion, which is applied to the working electrode and cured. Optionally, other additives can be added to the base emulsion prior to application, such as hydrophiles, cross linkers, adding imodeoesters, hydroxysuccimide, carboldilite, melamines, epoxies, benzoyl peroxide or dicumyl peroxide.

Briefly, a sensor for a continuous biological monitor is provided that has a working electrode with an enhanced enzyme layer that in one embodiment is made by mixing an aqueous polyurethane emulsion with an acrylic polyol emulsion to make a base emulsion. An enzyme is added to the base emulsion, which is applied to the working electrode and cured. Optionally, other additives can be added to the base emulsion prior to application, such as hydrophiles, cross linkers, adding imodeoesters, hydroxysuccimide, carboldilite, melamines, epoxies, benzoyl peroxide or dicumyl peroxide.

A method of manufacturing a battery electrode with a discontinuous ink coating, including the following steps: make ink zones (16) on a first longitudinal segment (26a) of a metallic support (22) and at least one additional ink zone (32) on at least one second longitudinal segment (26b) of the support zones (16, 32) jointly forming a support coating arranged such that at least one additional ink zone (32) of a second segment is located laterally facing each recessed zone (40) formed between two directly consecutive ink zones (16) of the first segment (26a); calendering of the metallic support (22) provided with its coating (16, 32), the calendering roll located on the side of the coating being permanently in contact with this coating during calendering; and separation of the segments (26a, 26b) so as to obtain the electrode.

A method of manufacturing a battery electrode with a discontinuous ink coating, including the following steps: make ink zones (16) on a first longitudinal segment (26a) of a metallic support (22) and at least one additional ink zone (32) on at least one second longitudinal segment (26b) of the support zones (16, 32) jointly forming a support coating arranged such that at least one additional ink zone (32) of a second segment is located laterally facing each recessed zone (40) formed between two directly consecutive ink zones (16) of the first segment (26a); calendering of the metallic support (22) provided with its coating (16, 32), the calendering roll located on the side of the coating being permanently in contact with this coating during calendering; and separation of the segments (26a, 26b) so as to obtain the electrode.

A method of producing a powder mass for a lithium battery, comprising: (a) mixing graphene sheets and a sulfonated elastomer or its precursor in a liquid medium or solvent to form a suspension; (b) dispersing a plurality of particles of an anode active material in the suspension to form a slurry; and (c) dispensing the slurry and removing the solvent and/or polymerizing or curing the precursor to form the powder mass comprising multiple particulates, wherein at least one of the particulates is composed of one or a plurality of the particles encapsulated by a thin layer of a sulfonated elastomer/graphene composite having a thickness from 1 nm to 10 μm, a fully recoverable tensile strain from 2% to 500%, a lithium ion conductivity from 10.sup.−7 S/cm to 5×10.sup.−2 S/cm and an electrical conductivity from 10.sup.−7 S/cm to 100 S/cm.

A method of producing a powder mass for a lithium battery, comprising: (a) mixing graphene sheets and a sulfonated elastomer or its precursor in a liquid medium or solvent to form a suspension; (b) dispersing a plurality of particles of an anode active material in the suspension to form a slurry; and (c) dispensing the slurry and removing the solvent and/or polymerizing or curing the precursor to form the powder mass comprising multiple particulates, wherein at least one of the particulates is composed of one or a plurality of the particles encapsulated by a thin layer of a sulfonated elastomer/graphene composite having a thickness from 1 nm to 10 μm, a fully recoverable tensile strain from 2% to 500%, a lithium ion conductivity from 10.sup.−7 S/cm to 5×10.sup.−2 S/cm and an electrical conductivity from 10.sup.−7 S/cm to 100 S/cm.

Systems and methods for continuous lamination of battery electrodes may include a cathode, an electrolyte, and an anode, where the anode includes a current collector, a cathode, an electrolyte, and an anode, the anode comprising a polymeric adhesive layer coated onto the current collector, and an active material coated onto the polymeric adhesive layer such that the polymeric adhesive layer is arranged between the active material and the current collector, wherein the anode is subjected to a heat treatment to induce pyrolysis after application of the polymeric adhesive layer to the current collector and application of the active material to the polymeric adhesive layer, the heat being applied to the anode at a temperature between 500 and 850 degrees C.