An electrode composite material is disclosed in the invention. The electrode composite material comprises AB.sub.xC.sub.yD.sub.z, wherein A is selected from at least one of polypyrrole, polyacrylonitrile, and polyacrylonitrile copolymer; B comprises sulfur; C is selected from carbon material; D is selected from metal oxides, lx20, 0y<l, and 0z<1. Comparing to the prior art, the conductivity of the electrode composite material is obviously increased, the material is dispersed uniformly and the size of the material is small. The electrochemical performance of the electrode composite material is improved. It has a good cycle life and high discharging capacity efficiency. A method for manufacturing the electrode composite material, a positive electrode using the electrode composite material and a battery including the same are also disclosed in the invention.

The invention relates to lithium-based battery systems and, more particularly, to electro-spinable solution compositions, electro-spun sulfur-polymer fibers, e.g., wires and yarns, and their use in preparing high performance sulfur mattes, e.g., electrodes, for lithium-sulfur batteries with potential applications in small-scale mobile devices. The sulfur-polymer fibers have nanoscale dimensions and yarn-like morphology. The sulfur-polymer fibers can be prepared by co-dissolving sulfur and polymer in a solvent for forming the electro-spinable solution, and electrospinning the solution. The electrospun fibers can be used to form a composite that includes alternating layers of the electrospun fibers and polymer on a current collector.

Novel tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane polymers and use thereof. The problem addressed was that of providing novel polymers which are preparable with a low level of complexity, with the possibility of controlled influence on the physicochemical properties thereof within wide limits in the course of synthesis, and which are usable as active media in electrical charge storage elements for high storage capacity, long lifetime and stable charging/discharging plateaus. Tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane polymers consisting of an oligomeric or polymeric compound of the general formula I have been found. ##STR00001##

Sulfur containing nanoparticles that may be used within cathode electrodes within lithium ion batteries include in a first instance porous carbon shape materials (i.e., either nanoparticle shapes or bulk shapes that are subsequently ground to nanoparticle shapes) that are infused with a sulfur material. A synthetic route to these carbon and sulfur containing nanoparticles may use a template nanoparticle to form a hollow carbon shape shell, and subsequent dissolution of the template nanoparticle prior to infusion of the hollow carbon shape shell with a sulfur material. Sulfur infusion into other porous carbon shapes that are not hollow is also contemplated. A second type of sulfur containing nanoparticle includes a metal oxide material core upon which is located a shell layer that includes a vulcanized polymultiene polymer material and ion conducting polymer material. The foregoing sulfur containing nanoparticle materials provide the electrodes and lithium ion batteries with enhanced performance.

Sulfur containing nanoparticles that may be used within cathode electrodes within lithium ion batteries include in a first instance porous carbon shape materials (i.e., either nanoparticle shapes or bulk shapes that are subsequently ground to nanoparticle shapes) that are infused with a sulfur material. A synthetic route to these carbon and sulfur containing nanoparticles may use a template nanoparticle to form a hollow carbon shape shell, and subsequent dissolution of the template nanoparticle prior to infusion of the hollow carbon shape shell with a sulfur material. Sulfur infusion into other porous carbon shapes that are not hollow is also contemplated. A second type of sulfur containing nanoparticle includes a metal oxide material core upon which is located a shell layer that includes a vulcanized polymultiene polymer material and ion conducting polymer material. The foregoing sulfur containing nanoparticle materials provide the electrodes and lithium ion batteries with enhanced performance.

A working electrode for a subcutaneous sensor for use with a continuous biological monitor for a patient is disclosed. The working electrode includes a conductive substrate and a carbon-enzyme layer on the conductive substrate. The carbon-enzyme layer includes a polyurethane or silicone crosslinked with an acrylic polyol, and an enzyme fully entrapped by the polyurethane or silicone crosslinked with the acrylic polyol. The enzyme is selected according to a biological function to be monitored. The carbon-enzyme layer also includes a carbon material. The carbon-enzyme layer is electrically conductive and facilitates a generation of either peroxide or electrons within the carbon-enzyme layer responsive to reacting the enzyme with a target biologic from blood of the patient.

A working electrode for a subcutaneous sensor for use with a continuous biological monitor for a patient is disclosed. The working electrode includes a conductive substrate and a carbon-enzyme layer on the conductive substrate. The carbon-enzyme layer includes a polyurethane or silicone crosslinked with an acrylic polyol, and an enzyme fully entrapped by the polyurethane or silicone crosslinked with the acrylic polyol. The enzyme is selected according to a biological function to be monitored. The carbon-enzyme layer also includes a carbon material. The carbon-enzyme layer is electrically conductive and facilitates a generation of either peroxide or electrons within the carbon-enzyme layer responsive to reacting the enzyme with a target biologic from blood of the patient.

A battery structure is provided for making alkali ion and alkaline-earth ion batteries. The battery has a hexacyanometallate cathode, a non-metal anode, and non-aqueous electrolyte. A method is provided for forming the hexacyanometallate battery cathode and non-metal battery anode prior to the battery assembly. The cathode includes hexacyanometallate particles overlying a current collector. The hexacyanometallate particles have the chemical formula A.sub.nA.sub.mM1.sub.xM2.sub.y(CN).sub.6, and have a Prussian Blue hexacyanometallate crystal structure.

A process for making a biosensor comprising a hollow coil having wires coiled in parallel and an electronic circuit component connected to the coil, the process including: 1) providing a mandrel on which wires including at least a first wire, a second wire and a third wire are wound in parallel, 2a) immersing the mandrel in a first buffer solution comprising a first bioreceptor, a first monomer and optional additives, 2b) arranging the wires such that the first wire may be used as a working electrode, the second wire may be used as a counter electrode and the third wire may be used as a reference electrode of a three electrode electrochemical cell used in an electropolymerization process, 3) passing electric current through the first wire to form a first biocompatible coating of a first polymer polymerized from the first monomer comprising the first bioreceptor on the first wire, 4) removing the coil from the mandrel, 5) connecting the wires to their respective points of the electronic circuit component such that the first wire may be used as a working electrode, the second wire may be used as a counter electrode and the third wire may be used as a reference electrode and wherein the electronic circuit component is configured such that it can generate an input signal for a wireless receiver based upon the activity of the bioreceptor and wirelessly send the input signal to the wireless receiver.

A process for making a biosensor comprising a hollow coil having wires coiled in parallel and an electronic circuit component connected to the coil, the process including: 1) providing a mandrel on which wires including at least a first wire, a second wire and a third wire are wound in parallel, 2a) immersing the mandrel in a first buffer solution comprising a first bioreceptor, a first monomer and optional additives, 2b) arranging the wires such that the first wire may be used as a working electrode, the second wire may be used as a counter electrode and the third wire may be used as a reference electrode of a three electrode electrochemical cell used in an electropolymerization process, 3) passing electric current through the first wire to form a first biocompatible coating of a first polymer polymerized from the first monomer comprising the first bioreceptor on the first wire, 4) removing the coil from the mandrel, 5) connecting the wires to their respective points of the electronic circuit component such that the first wire may be used as a working electrode, the second wire may be used as a counter electrode and the third wire may be used as a reference electrode and wherein the electronic circuit component is configured such that it can generate an input signal for a wireless receiver based upon the activity of the bioreceptor and wirelessly send the input signal to the wireless receiver.