The present invention discloses a lead-acid battery electrode plate for preventing lead-acid battery from lead (II) sulfate crystal growth piercing and enhancing the battery formation efficiency. The lead-acid battery electrode plate comprises an electricity collector layer as an electric current channel, and two air permeable layers respectively placed on both sides of the electricity collector layer, wherein non-metallic sheet materials having porous structures are used as air-permeable channel of the air-permeable layers, and the first air-permeable layer is the same as or different from the second air-permeable layer.

The present application is generally directed to hydrated carbon material powder comprising carbon material and water and devices containing the same. The hydrated carbon material powder finds utility in any number of devices, for example, in electric double layer capacitance devices and batteries. Methods for making and use of the hydrated carbon material powder are also disclosed.

The invention relates to a lead acid battery assembly comprising plurality of cells which are disposed within a housing and each cell having two electrodes namely positive plate and negative plate placed in a volume of an electrolyte in the housing. The cell formed comprises as per the invention at least one electrode plate prepared with a multilayered structure comprising a graphite composite material having higher electronic conductivity during charging and discharging of the battery assembly. The electrode plate structure formed is a three layered plate comprises a first base/substrate layer (100) made of electrically conductive material; a second transition layer (110) made of graphite composite material being adhered to the first base layer using an adhesive agent; and a third chemically active conductive layer (120) surrounding the second transition layer (110)

The invention relates to a lead acid battery assembly comprising plurality of cells which are disposed within a housing and each cell having two electrodes namely positive plate and negative plate placed in a volume of an electrolyte in the housing. The cell formed comprises as per the invention at least one electrode plate prepared with a multilayered structure comprising a graphite composite material having higher electronic conductivity during charging and discharging of the battery assembly. The electrode plate structure formed is a three layered plate comprises a first base/substrate layer (100) made of electrically conductive material; a second transition layer (110) made of graphite composite material being adhered to the first base layer using an adhesive agent; and a third chemically active conductive layer (120) surrounding the second transition layer (110)

A microporous lead-containing solid material is produced, which can serve as a carrier for desired materials into a reaction for various desired purposes. For example, if the microporous solid is impregnated with borax it tends to inhibit the growth of unduly large crystals of tetrabasic lead, which is useful in producing batteries having improved functional qualities.

A microporous lead-containing solid material is produced, which can serve as a carrier for desired materials into a reaction for various desired purposes. For example, if the microporous solid is impregnated with borax it tends to inhibit the growth of unduly large crystals of tetrabasic lead, which is useful in producing batteries having improved functional qualities.

Provided herein is a method of preparing carbon-graphene-lead composite particles, comprising the steps of forming a dispersion of lead particles, graphene particles and cellulose in an aqueous solution, spray drying the dispersion to aggregate the lead particles, graphene particles and cellulose to form cellulose-graphene-lead composite particles, and heating the cellulose-graphene-lead composite particles, to carbonize the cellulose to result in the formation of the carbon-graphene-lead composite particles.

An energy storage device includes a printed current collector layer, where the printed current collector layer includes nickel flakes and a current collector conductive carbon additive. The energy storage device includes a printed electrode layer printed over the current collector layer, where the printed electrode layer includes an ionic liquid and an electrode conductive carbon additive. The ionic liquid can include 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C.sub.2mimBF.sub.4). The current collector conductive carbon can include graphene and the electrode conductive carbon additive can include graphite, graphene, and/or carbon nanotubes.

An electrode plate of a rechargeable electrochemical battery. The electrode plate comprises a substantially flat lead grid having a plurality of grid bars and a plurality of window-like cutouts formed between the grid bars. The electrode plate further comprises an active material introduced into the cutouts and/or onto the grid bars of the lead grid. The active material has an artificially produced pattern of slot-shaped depressions on its surface. The depressions extend to a depth from the outer surface of the active material. Also disclosed is a rechargeable electrochemical battery comprising the at least one electrode.

An electrode plate of a rechargeable electrochemical battery. The electrode plate comprises a substantially flat lead grid having a plurality of grid bars and a plurality of window-like cutouts formed between the grid bars. The electrode plate further comprises an active material introduced into the cutouts and/or onto the grid bars of the lead grid. The active material has an artificially produced pattern of slot-shaped depressions on its surface. The depressions extend to a depth from the outer surface of the active material. Also disclosed is a rechargeable electrochemical battery comprising the at least one electrode.