Provided is a battery including a positive electrode including a first positive electrode layer and a second positive electrode layer; a negative electrode; and an electrolyte layer. The first positive electrode layer includes a first positive electrode active material, a first solid electrolyte material, and a coating material. The second positive electrode layer includes a second positive electrode active material and the first solid electrolyte material. The first solid electrolyte material includes lithium, at least one kind selected from the group consisting of metalloid elements and metal elements other than lithium; and at least one kind selected from the group consisting of chlorine and bromine. The first solid electrolyte material does not include sulfur.

A lead-acid battery is disclosed. The battery comprises a container with a cover having one or more compartments. One or more cell elements are provided in the one or more compartments. The cell elements comprise a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The positive electrode has a positive current collector and a positive electrochemically active material in contact therewith. The negative electrode has a negative current collector and a negative electrochemically active material in contact therewith. At least one of the positive electrochemically active material or the negative electrochemically active material includes electrochemically active fibers dispersed therein. Electrolyte is provided within the container. One or more terminal posts extend from the container or the cover and are electrically coupled to the cell elements. An electrode and an active material for a lead-acid battery are also disclosed.

The present disclosure relates to a two-dimensional Ni-organic framework/rGO composite including: a two-dimensional electroconductive Ni-organic framework in which Ni and an organic ligand containing a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.30 arylhexamine are repeatedly bonded in a branched form; and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Thus, when a composite of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and a two-dimensional Ni-MOF is prepared and used as an energy storage electrode material, the two-dimensional Ni-organic framework/rGO composite of the present disclosure can exhibit higher discharge capacity per weight due to the synergistic effect of rGO and Ni-MOF as compared to when Ni-MOF is used alone, and the composite can be used to manufacture a thin-film type electrode, which can be used as a next-generation energy storage electrode having high mechanical bending strength and energy density per volume.

Lithium secondary batteries for improving life span and resistance properties are disclosed. In an aspect, a cathode composition for a lithium secondary battery includes a cathode active material that includes a first cathode active material particle having a secondary particle shape and a second cathode active material particle having a single particle shape, and a conductive material including a linear-type conductive material.

The present disclosure relates to a cathode active material for a secondary battery, comprising a poly(S-co-VPA) vulcanized polymer, a preparation method thereof, and a lithium-sulfur secondary battery comprising the same.

An anode active material including different types of particles, an anode composition including the anode active material and a lithium secondary battery including the anode active material are disclosed. In an aspect, an anode active material includes a carbon-based active material, and a silicon-based active material having a minimum particle diameter (Dmin) in a range from 0.5 μm to 2.5 μm, a volume average particle diameter (D50) in a range from 3.0 μm to 7.0 μm, and a specific surface area in a range from 0.1 m.sup.2/g to 2.5 m.sup.2/g.

A lithium battery includes a cathode; an anode; and an organic electrolytic solution between the cathode and the anode, wherein the anode includes an anode current collector and an anode active material layer on the anode current collector, the anode active material layer includes carbonaceous and silicon-containing composite anode active materials, the anode active material layer includes first and second anode active material layers, and the first anode active material layer is between the anode current collector and the second anode active material layer, a content of silicon in the first anode active material layer is higher than the second anode active material layer, and the organic electrolytic solution includes a first lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a bicyclic sulfate-based compound represented by Formula 1 below:

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A positive electrode active material includes a lithium-transition metal composite phosphate including a first crystalline phase having a composition represented by Formula 1 and having an olivine structure, and a second crystalline phase having a composition represented by Formula 2 and having a pyrophosphate-containing structure, wherein the second crystalline phase is in an amount of greater than 0 mole percent and not greater than 50 mole percent with respect to a total number of moles of the first crystalline phase and the second crystalline phase, a positive electrode, a secondary battery:

Li.sub.xM1.sub.yPO.sub.4   Formula 1

Li.sub.aM2.sub.b(P.sub.2O.sub.7).sub.4   Formula 2 In Formulas 1 and 2, 0.9≤x≤1.1, 0.9≤y≤1.1, 5.5≤a≤6.5, and 4.8≤b≤5.2, and M1 and M2 are each independently an element from Groups 3 to 11 in the 4th period of the Periodic Table of the Elements, or a combination thereof.

An immobilized selenium body, made from carbon and selenium and optionally sulfur, makes selenium more stable, requiring a higher temperature or an increase in kinetic energy for selenium to escape from the immobilized selenium body and enter a gas system, as compared to selenium alone Immobilized selenium localized in a carbon skeleton can be utilized in a rechargeable battery Immobilization of the selenium can impart compression stress on both the carbon skeleton and the selenium. Such compression stress enhances the electrical conductivity in the carbon skeleton and among the selenium particles and creates an interface for electrons to be delivered and or harvested in use of the battery. A rechargeable battery made from immobilized selenium can be charged or discharged at a faster rate over conventional batteries and can demonstrate excellent cycling stability.

A lithium battery includes a cathode including a cathode active material; an anode including an anode active material; and an organic electrolytic solution between the cathode and the anode, wherein the cathode active material includes a first lithium transition metal oxide and a second lithium transition metal oxide, the first lithium transition metal oxide and the second lithium transition metal oxide have different particle diameters, the second lithium transition metal oxide includes primary particles having a particle diameter of about 1 μm or more, and the organic electrolytic solution includes a first lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a bicyclic sulfate-based compound represented by Formula 1 below:

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