An electrode includes at least one of sulfur (S) or selenium (Se), and a functionalized metal organic framework (R-MOF), the functionalized metal organic framework (R-MOF) having a functional group (R) attached to an organic portion of a metal organic framework (MOF). The functionalized metal organic framework (R-MOF) is adapted to react with at least one of electrochemically accessible sulfur (S) or selenium (Se) to capture at least one of lithium polysulfide or sodium polysulfide via covalent attachment of sulfur (S) or selenium (Se), respectively, to the functional group (R) of the functionalized metal organic framework (R-MOF).

Provided is an electrode, including: a collector; and an active material layer formed on the collector, wherein the active material layer contains sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile and a lithium-titanium oxide, wherein an average secondary particle diameter of the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile is larger than an average secondary particle diameter of the lithium-titanium oxide, and wherein a content of the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile in the active material layer is from 5 mass % to 85 mass %, and a content of the lithium-titanium oxide in the active material layer is from 5 mass % to 85 mass %.

Disclosed are a positive electrode binder for a lithium secondary battery capable of improving battery performance, by being constituted by a cationic monomer, and thus capturing lithium polysulfide that occurs during charging and discharging of the battery, and a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same. The positive electrode binder for the lithium secondary battery comprises a cationic (meth)acrylate-based monomer containing one or more cations, or a derivative thereof.

Electrolytes and electrolyte additives for energy storage devices comprising a sulfonate ester compound are disclosed. The energy storage device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electrolyte, and at least one electrolyte additive selected from a sulfonate ester compound.

A positive electrode material includes a first lithium manganese iron phosphate material in an aggregate form, a second and third lithium manganese iron phosphate materials in an aggregate and/or single-crystal-like form, and a fourth and fifth lithium manganese iron phosphate materials in a single-crystal-like form. D.sub.50.sup.5<D.sub.50.sup.4<D.sub.50.sup.3<D.sub.50.sup.2<D.sub.50.sup.1, D.sub.50.sup.2=aD.sub.50.sup.1, D.sub.50.sup.3=bD.sub.50.sup.1, D.sub.50.sup.4=cD.sub.50.sup.1, D.sub.50.sup.5=dD.sub.50.sup.1, and 5 μm≤D.sub.50.sup.1≤15 μm. 0.35≤a≤0.5, 0.2≤b≤0.27, 0.17≤c≤0.18, and 0.15≤d≤0.16. Molar ratios of manganese to iron in the first, the second, the third and the fourth lithium manganese iron phosphate materials increase sequentially, and a molar ratio of manganese to iron in the fifth lithium manganese iron phosphate material is greater than that in the third lithium manganese iron phosphate material.

A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to an aspect of the present disclosure is provided with a negative electrode having: a negative electrode collector: a first negative electrode mixture layer provided on the surface of the negative electrode collector; and a second negative electrode mixture layer provided on the surface of the first negative electrode mixture layer. Each of the first negative electrode mixture layer and the second negative electrode mixture layer contains graphite particles. The ratio (S2/S1) of the inter-particle porosity (S2) of the graphite particles in the second negative electrode mixture layer to the inter-particle porosity (S1) of the graphite particles in the first negative electrode mixture layer is 1.1-2.0. The ratio (D2/D1) of the filling density (D2) of the second negative electrode mixture layer to the filling density (D1) of the first negative electrode mixture layer is 0.9-1.1.

A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery that is an aspect of the present disclosure comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. The negative electrode comprises a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer disposed on the negative electrode current collector. The negative electrode active material layer contains graphite particles A and graphite particles B as negative electrode active materials. The graphite particles A have an internal void ratio of 5% or less. The graphite particles B have an internal void ratio of 8-20%. When the negative electrode active material layer is divided in half in the thickness direction, the region of the half to the side of the outer surface contains more graphite particles A than the region of the half to the side of the negative electrode current collector.

A bilayer-structured silicon carbon composite anode material, a method of preparing the same, and a secondary battery including the same is provided. The method of preparing the anode material includes: drying a first mixture including graphite balls, a nano-silicon slurry, pitch, and flake graphite to prepare a dried product; sintering the dried product to prepare a sintered product including a hard coating layer formed on an outermost surface thereof and containing amorphous hard carbon; mixing the sintered product with a carbon precursor, followed by heat treatment to form a soft coating layer on an outer circumferential surface of the sintered product; and forming a carbon nanotube layer on an outer circumferential surface of the soft coating layer.

A method of preparing a lithium metal electrode, wherein the method includes providing a lithium metal strip, and providing a lubricant composition including a fluorine-based solvent and a fluorine-based compound on the lithium metal strip to obtain a coated lithium metal strip; and rolling the coated lithium metal strip to obtain the lithium metal electrode.

A rechargeable battery includes at least an electrolyte layer, a cathode layer and an anode layer. The electrolyte layer includes a lithium salt compound arranged between a cathode surface of the cathode layer and an anode surface of the anode layer. The anode layer is a nanostructured silicon containing thin film layer including a plurality of columns, wherein the columns are directed in a first direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the anode surface of the silicon thin film layer. The columns are arranged adjacent to each other while separated by grain-like column boundaries running along the first direction. The columns include silicon and have an amorphous structure in which nano-crystalline regions exist.