A system and method for optimizing electrochemical cells including electrodes employing coordination compounds by mediating water content within a desired water content profile that includes sufficient coordinated water and reduces non-coordinated water below a desired target and with electrochemical cells including a coordination compound electrochemically active in one or more electrodes, with an improvement in electrochemical cell manufacture that relaxes standards for water content of electrochemical cells having one or more electrodes including one or more such transition metal cyanide coordination compounds.

The invention relates to composite multilayer lithium ion battery anodes that include a porous metal alloy foam, and a lithium ion conductor coating applied to the metal alloy foam. The metal alloy foam can include structurally isomorphous alloys of lithium and, optionally, lithium and magnesium. The lithium ion conductor coating can include ternary lithium silicate, such as, lithium orthosilicate. Lithium ions from the ternary lithium silicate may be deposited within the pores of the metal alloy foam. Optionally, the lithium ion conductor coating may include a dopant. The dopant can include one or more of magnesium, calcium, vanadium, niobium and fluorine, and mixtures and combinations thereof.

The present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same. Specifically, since the non-aqueous electrolyte solution forms a robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) by including a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a compound represented by Formula 1, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery may improve battery performance,

##STR00001## wherein, in Formula 1, R and R.sub.1 are described herein.

Some aspects of the disclosure are related to lithium batteries, and more specifically, to integrated battery electrode and separator. In some embodiments, an electrochemical cell comprises a single integrated unit comprising insulating layer, current collectors, electroactive material layers, separators, and the like. Methods of manufacturing of the integrated battery unit are disclosed herein. Some embodiments of the disclosure are also directed to an integrated anode-free electrochemical cell that lacks an anode or anode electroactive material layer. In some such embodiments, methods directed to electrical storage and use of such an anode-free electrochemical cell are disclosed herein.

A short-circuit prediction device for predicting the presence or absence of occurrence of an internal short circuit in a secondary battery is provided. The secondary battery has a positive electrode, a solid electrolyte, and a negative electrode that contains a lithium alloy. The short-circuit prediction device includes a measurement instrument that measures AC impedance of the secondary battery and a controller that predicts the internal short circuit in the secondary battery. The measurement instrument calculates electrolyte resistance of the secondary battery and reaction resistance of the secondary battery from the AC impedance. When a change rate of the electrolyte resistance per a predetermined period is within a predetermined range and the reaction resistance becomes higher than a predetermined upper limit, the controller predicts that there is a possibility of occurrence of the internal short circuit.

A solid electrolyte including: a lithium ion inorganic conductive layer; and an amorphous phase on a surface of the lithium ion inorganic conductive layer, wherein the amorphous phase is an irradiation product of the lithium ion inorganic conductive layer. Also, the method of preparing the same, and a lithium battery including the solid electrolyte.

Disclosed herein is a composite anode for a lithium secondary battery and a method of manufacturing the same. The composite anode for a lithium secondary battery where a lithium metal or a lithium metal composite is uniformly distributed and located may be manufactured using a simple pulse-electrodepositing method while minimizing an amount of lithium to be used. Moreover, a dendrite growth of lithium may be suppressed during charging because the lithium metal or the lithium metal composite is uniformly located on the porous conductor.

This negative electrode is provided with a negative electrode current collector, and a negative electrode mixture layer formed on the negative electrode current collector, wherein: the negative electrode mixture layer comprises a first layer arranged on the negative electrode current collector, and a second layer arranged on the first layer; the second layer includes graphite particles A having a particle internal porosity of at most 10%: the first layer includes graphite particles B having a particle internal porosity of more than 10%; and the second layer has a water contact angle of at most 50°.

A solid ion conductor compound includes a compound represented by Formula 1:
Li.sub.6−wHf.sub.2−xM.sub.xO.sub.7−yZ.sub.y  Formula 1
where, in Formula 1, M is an element having an oxidation number of a and a is 5, 6, or a combination thereof, Z is an element having an oxidation number of −1, and 0<x<2, 0≤y≤2, and 0<w<6 and w=[(a−4)×x]+y.

Disclosed are a solid ion conductor compound represented by Formula 1, and having an argyrodite-type crystal structure, a solid electrolyte and an electrochemical cell each comprising the same, and a method of preparing the same:

Li.sub.xP.sub.yM1.sub.vS.sub.zM2.sub.wM3.sub.w′  <Formula 1> where in the above formula, M1 is an element substituted at P sites and having a larger ionic radius than that of P, M2 and M3 are different elements selected from elements of Group 17 in the periodic table, and 4≤x≤8, 0<y<1, 0<v<1, 0<z<6, 0<w<3, 0≤w′<3, and y≥v.