A solid, ionically conductive, polymer material with a crystallinity greater than 30%; a glassy state; and both at least one cationic and anionic diffusing ion, wherein each diffusing ion is mobile in the glassy state.

An anode for an all solid-state secondary battery, the anode including an anode collector, and coating lithium distribution layer disposed on the anode collector, wherein the lithium distribution layer includes a metal capable of forming an alloy with lithium.

The invention discloses a high voltage rechargeable Zn—MnO.sub.2 battery. The structure of the Zn—MnO.sub.2 battery includes zinc electrode/alkaline electrolyte/ion exchange membrane/acid electrolyte/MnO.sub.2 electrode. The ion exchange membrane comprises a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane or a proton exchange membrane. According to the invention, by using a composite electrolyte system (alkaline electrolyte/ion exchange membrane/acid electrolyte), a high voltage rechargeable Zn—MnO.sub.2 battery is obtained. According to the invention, an open circuit voltage of up to 2.7V is obtained, greatly improving the discharge voltage, and at the same time increasing the discharge capacity and enabling cyclic charge and discharge. The invention is of great importance in science research, beneficial to society and economics.

The invention discloses a high voltage rechargeable Zn—MnO.sub.2 battery. The structure of the Zn—MnO.sub.2 battery includes zinc electrode/alkaline electrolyte/ion exchange membrane/acid electrolyte/MnO.sub.2 electrode. The ion exchange membrane comprises a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane or a proton exchange membrane. According to the invention, by using a composite electrolyte system (alkaline electrolyte/ion exchange membrane/acid electrolyte), a high voltage rechargeable Zn—MnO.sub.2 battery is obtained. According to the invention, an open circuit voltage of up to 2.7V is obtained, greatly improving the discharge voltage, and at the same time increasing the discharge capacity and enabling cyclic charge and discharge. The invention is of great importance in science research, beneficial to society and economics.

A battery, including a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte solution. The cathode includes a cathode active substance and a cathode current collector. The electrolyte solution includes first metal ions and second metal ions. In a charging/discharging process, the first metal ions can be reversibly deintercalated-intercalated at the cathode, the second metal ions can be reduced and deposited as a second metal at the anode, and the second metal can be oxidized and dissolved back to the second metal ions. The anode includes a anode active substance and a anode current collector. A lead-containing substance is provided on a surface of the anode active substance and/or in the electrolyte solution. A mass ratio of lead in the lead-containing substance to the battery is not greater than 1000 ppm.

A battery, including a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte solution. The cathode includes a cathode active substance and a cathode current collector. The electrolyte solution includes first metal ions and second metal ions. In a charging/discharging process, the first metal ions can be reversibly deintercalated-intercalated at the cathode, the second metal ions can be reduced and deposited as a second metal at the anode, and the second metal can be oxidized and dissolved back to the second metal ions. The anode includes a anode active substance and a anode current collector. A lead-containing substance is provided on a surface of the anode active substance and/or in the electrolyte solution. A mass ratio of lead in the lead-containing substance to the battery is not greater than 1000 ppm.

Various embodiments are directed to an electrochemical cell having a non-homogeneous anode. The electrochemical cell includes a container, a cathode forming a hollow cylinder within the container, an anode positioned within the hollow cylinder of the cathode, and a separator between the cathode and the anode. The anode comprises at least two concentric anode portions, defined by different anode characteristics. For example, the two anode portions may contain different surfactant types, which provides the two anode portions with different charge transfer resistance characteristics. By lowering the charge transfer resistance of a portion of an anode located proximate the current collector of the cell (and away from the separator) relative to an anode portion located adjacent the separator, improved cell discharge performance may be obtained.

In some embodiments, a battery comprises an anode, a cathode, a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode, and an electrolyte in fluid communication with the anode, the cathode, and the separator. The anode can be a porous metallic zinc anode. The porous metallic zinc anode comprises pure zinc electrode, a substrate coated with zinc, a zinc substrate with a coating layer, or combinations thereof.

An alkaline battery, and a component cathode including a solid ionically conducting polymer material.

Disclosed is an anodeless-type all-solid-state battery having a novel structure, which has high energy density and is capable of operating stably.