A seal assembly for a battery cell comprises a cross-linked grommet having an opening. A current collector has a head and a stem extending from the head, the stem and the grommet forming an interference fit at the opening. The grommet comprises a cross-linked polymer. A method of manufacturing a battery cell with a cross-linked grommet comprises forming a grommet comprising a precursor polymer material, thereby forming a pre-formed grommet, exposing the pre-formed grommet comprising the precursor polymer material to a cross-linking treatment, thereby forming a cross-linked grommet, and incorporating the cross-linked grommet in a battery cell.

An alkaline electrochemical cell includes a cathode, an anode which includes an anode active material, and a non-conductive separator disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein from about 20% to about 50% by weight of the anode active material relative to a total amount of anode active material has a particle size of less than about 75 μm, and wherein the separator includes a unitary, cylindrical configuration having an open end, a side wall, and integrally formed closed end disposed distally to the open end.

An alkaline electrochemical cell includes a cathode, an anode which includes an anode active material, and a non-conductive separator disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein from about 20% to about 50% by weight of the anode active material relative to a total amount of anode active material has a particle size of less than about 75 μm, and wherein the separator includes a unitary, cylindrical configuration having an open end, a side wall, and integrally formed closed end disposed distally to the open end.

Indium zinc-based alloy anodes include an In.sub.xM.sub.yZn.sub.z alloy, where x ranges from 0.03 to 0.20, z ranges from 0.80 to 0.97, and x+y+z=1 when the anode has not previously been cycled. M is Al, Ag, Bi, Sn, Cd, or any combination thereof. In a partially or fully discharged state after one or more cycles, the anode includes a porous surface portion enriched in indium and a bulk portion comprising the In.sub.xM.sub.yZn.sub.z alloy. In a subsequent partially or fully charged state, the pores may be at least partially filled with zinc.

Indium zinc-based alloy anodes include an In.sub.xM.sub.yZn.sub.z alloy, where x ranges from 0.03 to 0.20, z ranges from 0.80 to 0.97, and x+y+z=1 when the anode has not previously been cycled. M is Al, Ag, Bi, Sn, Cd, or any combination thereof. In a partially or fully discharged state after one or more cycles, the anode includes a porous surface portion enriched in indium and a bulk portion comprising the In.sub.xM.sub.yZn.sub.z alloy. In a subsequent partially or fully charged state, the pores may be at least partially filled with zinc.

An electrochemical cell includes a negative electrode including a metal, metal alloy, or an electrode active material that reversibly intercalates and de-intercalates cations; a positive electrode including (i) an electrode active material that reversibly intercalates and de-intercalates cations or anions, or (ii) an inert host that reversibly catalyzes an external reactant; a separator between the negative electrode and the positive electrode; and an electrolyte including one or more alcohol-based solvents, with one or more salts. The solvents may include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, triglycerol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, an organic small molecule or macromolecule that contain at least one hydroxyl (OH) group, or a combination thereof. The electrochemical cell may include a mixture of multiple alcohol-based solvents or a mixture of the one or more alcohol-based solvents with water, mixed at select ratios. The electrochemical cell may include one or more additives having a concentration range between 0.01% to 20% by weight.

An electrochemical cell includes a negative electrode including a metal, metal alloy, or an electrode active material that reversibly intercalates and de-intercalates cations; a positive electrode including (i) an electrode active material that reversibly intercalates and de-intercalates cations or anions, or (ii) an inert host that reversibly catalyzes an external reactant; a separator between the negative electrode and the positive electrode; and an electrolyte including one or more alcohol-based solvents, with one or more salts. The solvents may include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, triglycerol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, an organic small molecule or macromolecule that contain at least one hydroxyl (OH) group, or a combination thereof. The electrochemical cell may include a mixture of multiple alcohol-based solvents or a mixture of the one or more alcohol-based solvents with water, mixed at select ratios. The electrochemical cell may include one or more additives having a concentration range between 0.01% to 20% by weight.

A primary battery includes a cathode having a non-stoichiometric metal oxide including transition metals Ni, Mn, Co, or a combination of metal atoms, an alkali metal, and hydrogen; an anode; a separator between the cathode and the anode; and an alkaline electrolyte.

A primary battery includes a cathode having a non-stoichiometric metal oxide including transition metals Ni, Mn, Co, or a combination of metal atoms, an alkali metal, and hydrogen; an anode; a separator between the cathode and the anode; and an alkaline electrolyte.

Disclosed herein are a flexible textile-based silver electrode and a sweat-activated battery. Also disclosed herein is a method of making the flexible textile-based silver electrode by providing a composite material comprising a flexible textile substrate and a polymeric silver electrode wire, and bringing the composite material into contact with an aqueous solution comprising a non-toxic chloride salt and an organic acid for a period of time, wherein the electrode wire comprising an elastomeric material and silver flakes homogeneously distributed throughout the elastomeric material.