A lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode, and a negative electrode in which deposition and dissolution reactions of lithium metal occur. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode layer. The negative electrode layer contains, as a negative electrode active material, an alloy of the lithium metal and dissimilar metal. An element percentage of lithium element in the alloy is 40.00 atomic % or more and 99.97 atomic % or less when the lithium secondary battery is fully charged.

The present invention provides an anode composition comprising (i) a core material (10) comprising a microparticle; (ii) a lithium alloy of said microparticle (14) on a surface of said core material (10); and (iii) a solid electrolyte interface (“SEI”) comprising (a) a LiF and (b) a polymer. The microparticle comprises Si, Al, Bi, Sn, Zn, or a mixture thereof. The present invention also relates to an electrolyte comprising a high lithium fluoride salt concentration in a low reduction potential solvent that is used produce the solid electrolyte interface comprising LiF and a polymer. The anode composition of the invention has an initial coulombic efficiency of at least 90%, a cycling coulombic efficiency of at least 99%, or both.

A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including electrode body having structure in which positive electrode and negative electrode are laminated with separator and non-aqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode includes positive electrode current collector, positive electrode active material layer which is disposed on positive electrode current collector and contains first positive electrode active material, and insulating layer which is disposed along one end of positive electrode active material layer in predetermined width direction, and contains inorganic filler and second positive electrode active material. The negative electrode includes negative electrode current collector, and negative electrode active material layer which is disposed on negative electrode current collector and contains negative electrode active material, in which length in width direction is longer than length of positive electrode active material layer in width direction, and negative electrode active material layer faces positive electrode active material layer and at least part of insulating layer.

A zinc-air battery cell assembly comprising: a layer of anode material; one or more layers of cathode material; a separator directly between and engaging both the layer of anode material and the layer of cathode material that acts as both an electronic insulator and an ion conductive path between the layer of anode material and the layer of cathode material; and a diffusion member directly engaging the layer of cathode material.

A zinc-air battery cell assembly comprising: a layer of anode material; one or more layers of cathode material; a separator directly between and engaging both the layer of anode material and the layer of cathode material that acts as both an electronic insulator and an ion conductive path between the layer of anode material and the layer of cathode material; and a diffusion member directly engaging the layer of cathode material.

Provided is an aqueous battery configured to use hydroxide ions (OH.sup.−) as carrier ions. The aqueous battery is an aqueous battery comprising a cathode layer, an anode layer and an aqueous liquid electrolyte, wherein the cathode layer contains, as a cathode active material, a graphite having a rhombohedral crystal structure; wherein the anode layer contains, as an anode active material, at least one selected from the group consisting of an elemental Zn, an elemental Cd, an elemental Fe, a Zn alloy, a Cd alloy, an Fe alloy, ZnO, Cd(OH).sub.2, Fe(OH).sub.2 and a hydrogen storage alloy; and wherein, as an electrolyte, at least one selected from the group consisting of KOH and NaOH is dissolved in the aqueous liquid electrolyte.

A solid state high voltage battery includes a cathode; an anode; a catholyte solution in contact with the cathode; an anolyte solution in contact with the anode, and a separator disposed between the cathode and the anode. At least one of the catholyte or the anolyte is gelled, and at least one of the catholyte or the anolyte comprises an organic electrolyte, an ionic liquid electrolyte, or water in salt electrolyte.

This invention relates to a zinc powder electrode formed on a MXene framework. The zinc powder anode formed on an MXene framework, referred to as an MXene@Zn electrode can act as an anode and/or cathode for an electrochemical cell or battery. As such, the present invention further relates to an electrode comprising MXene@Zn and a battery comprising such an electrode.

This invention relates to a zinc powder electrode formed on a MXene framework. The zinc powder anode formed on an MXene framework, referred to as an MXene@Zn electrode can act as an anode and/or cathode for an electrochemical cell or battery. As such, the present invention further relates to an electrode comprising MXene@Zn and a battery comprising such an electrode.

A method for preparing a metal-carbon composite catalyst comprises the steps of: preparing a source material comprising a metal precursor and a monomer, which comprises a methylpyrrolidone (NMP); heat treating the source material so as to prepare an intermediate; and carbonizing the intermediate so as to prepare a carbon nanocatalyst in which the metal of the metal precursor is coupled to a carbon matrix structure, wherein, according to whether the source material comprises an organic additive, the type of organic additive, and the type of metal precursor, the carbon matrix structure has a carbon sheet structure and/or a carbon porous body structure, and the metal can be metal ions and/or metal particles. The metal-carbon composite catalyst can have high ORR and OER characteristics, and thus can be used as a cathode material for a zinc-air battery.