An alkaline dry battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an alkaline electrolytic solution contained in the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the separator. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material including zinc, and an additive. The additive includes at least one selected from the group consisting of maleic acid, maleic anhydride and maleate salts.

A method of making a free-standing nanoporous Zn is provided. The method includes compacting a predetermined amount of Zn compound precursor into a form of an anode; controlling a thickness of the Zn compound precursor to obtain desirable porosity; and reducing the Zn compound precursor in an electrochemical cell having an electrolyte at a predetermined volage against a reference electrode to obtain a nanoporous Zn anode. The nanoporous Zn includes continuous metal ligaments and pores each having a uniform width of around a few hundred nanometers. The nanoporous Zn may serve as an anode in a rechargeable Zn battery having the nanoporous Zn anode coupled to a conductive substrate, a physical block, an electrolyte, a reference electrode, and a cathode electrode, to deliver a high areal capacity and a long cycle life.

A method of making a free-standing nanoporous Zn is provided. The method includes compacting a predetermined amount of Zn compound precursor into a form of an anode; controlling a thickness of the Zn compound precursor to obtain desirable porosity; and reducing the Zn compound precursor in an electrochemical cell having an electrolyte at a predetermined volage against a reference electrode to obtain a nanoporous Zn anode. The nanoporous Zn includes continuous metal ligaments and pores each having a uniform width of around a few hundred nanometers. The nanoporous Zn may serve as an anode in a rechargeable Zn battery having the nanoporous Zn anode coupled to a conductive substrate, a physical block, an electrolyte, a reference electrode, and a cathode electrode, to deliver a high areal capacity and a long cycle life.

A cathode material of an aqueous zinc-ion battery and an aqueous zinc-ion battery are described. The aqueous zinc-ion battery has a cathode material of the aqueous zinc-ion battery of the embodiment of the present disclosure, which has a specific ratio of specific cathode material. At a specific current density (50 mA/g), an electrochemical capacity of the aqueous zinc-ion battery can reach about 500 mAh/g, and a capacity can reach 200 mAh/g at a current density of 20 A/g.

Nanoporous carbon-based scaffolds or structures, and specifically carbon aerogels and their manufacture and use thereof. Embodiments include a cathode material within a lithium-air battery, where the cathode is formed of a binder-free, monolithic, polyimide-derived carbon aerogel. The carbon aerogel includes pores that improve the oxygen transport properties of electrolyte solution and improve the formation of lithium peroxide along the surface and/or within the pores of the carbon aerogel. The cathode and underlying carbon aerogel provide optimal properties for use within the lithium-air battery.

Nanoporous carbon-based scaffolds or structures, and specifically carbon aerogels and their manufacture and use thereof. Embodiments include a cathode material within a lithium-air battery, where the cathode is formed of a binder-free, monolithic, polyimide-derived carbon aerogel. The carbon aerogel includes pores that improve the oxygen transport properties of electrolyte solution and improve the formation of lithium peroxide along the surface and/or within the pores of the carbon aerogel. The cathode and underlying carbon aerogel provide optimal properties for use within the lithium-air battery.

A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention is provided with a negative electrode, a positive electrode and a nonaqueous electrolyte. A negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode contains a zinc manganese alloy that is represented by general formula MnZn.sub.x (3≤x≤13).

A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention is provided with a negative electrode, a positive electrode and a nonaqueous electrolyte. A negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode contains a zinc manganese alloy that is represented by general formula MnZn.sub.x (3≤x≤13).

An electrode for a secondary battery includes a plurality of active material particles. A length of each of the active material particles in a first direction along a thickness direction of the electrode is larger than a length of the active material particle in a second direction intersecting the first direction.

An electrode for a secondary battery includes a plurality of active material particles. A length of each of the active material particles in a first direction along a thickness direction of the electrode is larger than a length of the active material particle in a second direction intersecting the first direction.