A negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a plurality of composite particles. Each of the plurality of composite particles includes an inorganic particle, one or more covering layers, each of which is in contact with a surface of the inorganic particle, and a carbonaceous material layer that covers the inorganic particle and has voids. The carbonaceous material layer includes a first region having a porosity of 4.3% or more and 10.0% or less, the first region being a region extending from the surface of the inorganic particle to the surface of an imaginary sphere that is centered at the center of the inorganic particle and has a radius of 3r, where r is a radius of the inorganic particle. Each of the voids is separated by one of the one or more covering layers from the surface of the inorganic particle.

Provided is a negative electrode for a secondary battery satisfying the following Relation 1: [Relation 1] (V.sub.1−V.sub.2)/V.sub.1*100≥45% wherein V.sub.1 is a volume fraction (vol %) of silicon-based active material particles having a gray scale value of 30,000 or more in an XRM measurement on a negative electrode in a fully discharged state after formation, and V.sub.2 is a volume fraction (vol %) of silicon-based active material particles having a gray scale value of 30,000 or more in an XRM measurement on a negative electrode in a fully charged state after 500 cycles of charging and discharging.

A negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery, including a negative active material layer including a polymer binder including a repeating unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 or the following Chemical Formula 2 and a Si-based negative active material; and a current collector supporting the negative active material layer, is provided: ##STR00001## wherein in Chemical Formulae 1 and 2, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and hydrogen, OH or OOH.

The present application provides a secondary battery including a negative electrode sheet, and the negative electrode sheet includes: a negative electrode current collector; a first negative film layer provided on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector; and a second negative film layer provided on a surface of the first negative film layer; where the first negative film layer includes a first negative active material and a first conductive agent, and the first negative active material includes a silicon-based material; and a mass proportion of the silicon-based material in the first negative film layer is greater than or equal to 30%, and a mass proportion of the first conductive agent in the first negative film layer is greater than or equal to 25%. A battery cell of the secondary battery of the present application does not easily expand and has good cycle performance.

A negative electrode active material according to an embodiment includes at least a titanic oxide compound. The intensity ratio of an infrared absorption spectrum after pyridine adsorption and desorption on a surface of the negative electrode active material satisfies relationships represented by the following formula [{I(3663 cm.sup.−1)/I(3738 cm.sup.−1)}>0.7] and the following formula [{I(2981 cm.sup.−1)/I(2930 cm.sup.−1)}<1], provided that, in the above formulae, {I(3663 cm.sup.−1)}, {I(3738 cm.sup.−1)}, {I(2981 cm.sup.−1)}, and {I(2930 cm.sup.−1)} indicate integrated intensities in regions of infrared wavenumbers.

A battery comprising an acidified metal oxide (“AMO”) material, preferably in monodisperse nanoparticulate form 20 nm or less in size, having a pH<7 when suspended in a 5 wt % aqueous solution and a Hammett function H.sub.0>−12, at least on its surface.

A negative electrode active material including a core containing SiO.sub.x (0≤x<2) and a lithium-containing compound, and a shell disposed on the core and containing SiO.sub.x (0≤x<2) and magnesium silicate.

One embodiment of the present invention provides a secondary battery that can be used in a wide temperature range and is less likely to be affected by the ambient temperature. A highly safe secondary battery is provided. Use of a positive electrode including a fluorine-containing electrolyte enables a secondary battery that can work in a wide temperature range, specifically, in the range of higher than or equal to −40° C. and lower than or equal to 85° C., preferably higher than or equal to −40° C. and lower than or equal to 150° C. An incombustible high molecular material or a nonflammable high molecular material is used for a binder. Furthermore, a solid electrolyte material may be included in the positive electrode to increase non-flammability.

A positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same are disclosed. The positive active material includes a core including a lithium intercalation compound and a crystalline coating compound on a surface of the core and including a crystalline aluminum hydroxide, a crystalline aluminum oxyhydroxide, or a combination thereof.

An anode composition, a lithium secondary battery anode including the same, a lithium secondary battery including the anode and a method of making the anode composition. The anode composition includes a silicon-containing active material, an anode conductive material and an anode binder. The anode binder includes (a) a main binder comprising an aqueous binder and (b) a secondary binder comprising a rubber-containing binder. The anode binder contains 80 parts by weight or more and 99 parts by weight or less of the main binder and 1 part by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less of the secondary binder based on 100 parts by weight of the anode binder. The secondary binder comprises 80 parts by weight or more of butadiene (BD) units based on 100 parts by weight of the secondary binder.