A positive electrode imparts secondary battery with low temperature output characteristics, high temperature cycle characteristics and durability against high voltage. A positive electrode of secondary battery includes positive electrode current collector and positive electrode active substance layer on positive electrode current collector. The positive electrode active substance layer contains positive electrode active substance particles and oxide particles which are dispersed in positive electrode active substance layer as separate particles from positive electrode active substance particles. The positive electrode active substance particles each include coating of titanium-containing compound at the surface. The titanium-containing compound in coating is at least one compound selected from group consisting of TiO.sub.2, Ti.sub.nO.sub.2n−1, wherein n is integer of 3 or more, and oxides containing Li and Ti. The oxide particles include at least one oxide selected from group consisting of TiO.sub.2, Ti.sub.mO.sub.2m−1, wherein m is integer of 3 or more, and oxides containing Li and Ti.

According to one embodiment, an electrode is provided. The electrode includes an active material-containing layer. The active material-containing layer contains an active material and a flat plate-shaped silicate.

The present application provides a silicon-oxygen composite negative electrode material and a preparation method therefor, and a lithium ion battery. The silicon-oxygen composite negative electrode material has a core-shell structure, the core comprises nano-silicon and a silicon oxide SiO.sub.x, and the shell comprises Li.sub.2SiO.sub.3. The preparation method comprises: mixing a silicon source and a lithium source, and performing heat treatment in a non-oxygen atmosphere to obtain a composite material containing Li.sub.2SiO.sub.3; and immersing the composite material containing Li.sub.2SiO.sub.3 in an acid solution to obtain the silicon-oxygen composite negative electrode material. The nano-silicon in the negative electrode material provided by the present application is wrapped by SiO.sub.x, and the surface of SiO.sub.x is further wrapped with the Li.sub.2SiO.sub.3 having a stable structure, making it difficult for the nano-silicon to come into physical contact with substances other than the SiO.sub.x and impossible to come into direct contact with water, thereby effectively inhibiting gas production of a battery.

A method for providing a miniature electrochemical cell having a total volume that is less than 0.5 cc is described. The cell casing is formed by joining two ceramic casing halves together. One or both casing halves are machined from ceramic to provide a recess that is sized and shaped to contain the electrode assembly. The opposite polarity terminals are electrically conductive feedthroughs or pathways, such as of gold, and are formed by brazing gold into tapered via holes machined into one or both ceramic casing halves. The two ceramic casing halves are separated from each other by a metal interlayer, such as of gold, bonded to a thin film metallization layer, such as of titanium, that contacts an edge periphery of each ceramic casing half. A solid electrolyte of LiPON (Li.sub.xPO.sub.yN.sub.z) is used to activate the electrode assembly.

A negative electrode active material containing negative electrode active material particles including, silicon compound particles containing a silicon compound containing oxygen, and at least a part of a surface of the silicon compound particles is covered with a carbon layer, wherein the silicon compound particles contain Li.sub.6Si.sub.2O.sub.7 and Li.sub.2SiO.sub.3. As a result, the negative electrode active material is provided that can increase the battery capacity with the improvement of the initial efficiency, and a capable of realizing sufficient battery cycle characteristics.

Disclosed is a method of predicting cycle life of a secondary battery comprising a carbon-based hybrid negative electrode, including: measuring a lattice d-spacing of a carbon based negative electrode active material of a target carbon-based hybrid negative electrode using an X-ray diffractometer during charging/discharging of a target secondary battery, and plotting a graph of changes in lattice d-spacing value as a function of charge/discharge capacity (X axis); calculating a target slope difference corresponding to a difference in slope value changed with respect to an inflection point of the graph during discharging in the plotted graph; comparing the target slope difference with a reference slope difference; and predicting if the cycle life of the target secondary battery is improved compared to the reference secondary battery from a result of the comparison.

An electrode for a secondary battery is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, an electrode for a secondary battery includes an electrode current collector; and an active material layer disposed on the electrode current collector, wherein the active material layer is prepared by coating an electrode slurry onto the electrode current collector, wherein the electrode slurry is an aqueous solution containing an anode active material, a conductive material, a surfactant and a binder is coated onto the electrode current collector, and wherein the binder comprises a water-soluble polymer.

High energy density and long cycle life all solid-state electrolyte lithium-ion batteries use ceramic-polymer composite anodes which include a polymer matrix with ceramic nanoparticles, silicon-based anode active materials, conducting agents, lithium salts and plasticizer distributed in the matrix. The silicon-based anode active material are anode active particles formed by high energy milling a mixture of silicon, graphite, and metallic and/or non-metallic oxides. A polymer coating is applied to the particles. The networking structure of the electrolyte establishes an effective lithium-ion transport pathway in the electrode and strengthens the contact between the electrode layer and solid-state electrolyte resulting in higher lithium-ion battery cell cycling stability and long battery life.

A positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery includes: a core having a layered structure; and a surface layer on at least one portion of the surface of the core and including an oxide, wherein the oxide includes at least one first element and at least one second element each selected from Ti, Zr, F, Mg, Al, P, and a combination thereof, the first element and the second element being different from one another, the first element included in the positive active material in an amount of about 0.01 mol % to about 0.2 mol % based on a total weight of the positive active material, and the second element included in the positive active material in an amount of about 0.02 mol % to about 0.5 mol % based on a total weight of the positive active material. A rechargeable lithium battery includes the positive active material.

Disclosed is a composite negative electrode active material comprising silicon-based core particles, an outer carbon coating layer present on the silicon-based core particles, and single-walled carbon nanotubes, wherein the single-walled carbon nanotubes are in contact with the outer carbon coating layer and comprise a body partially spaced apart from the outer carbon coating layer, and the outer carbon coating layer comprises oxygen in an amount of 35 wt % to 55 wt % therein.