A lithium ion battery is provided which includes an LTO anode; an LNMO cathode; and an electrolyte. At least one of the cathode, anode and electrolyte is Sc doped. The cathode may have a composition within the range of LiNi.sub.0.5Mn.sub.1.495Sc.sub.0.005O.sub.4 to LiNi.sub.0.5Mn.sub.1.25Sc.sub.0.25O.sub.4 or, in some embodiments, LiNi.sub.0.5Mn.sub.1.495Sc.sub.0.005(1−0.01y)X.sub.0.005(0.01y)O.sub.4, wherein 0≤y≤50, and wherein X is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of yttrium, cerium, niobium and zirconium. The anode may have a composition within the range of Li.sub.4Ti.sub.4.99Sc.sub.0.01O.sub.12 to Li.sub.4Ti.sub.4.95Sc.sub.0.05O.sub.12 or, in some embodiments, Li.sub.4Ti.sub.4.995Sc.sub.0.005(1−0.01y)X.sub.0.005(0.01y)O.sub.12 to Li.sub.4Ti.sub.4.995Sc.sub.0.25(1−0.01y)X.sub.0.25(0.01y)O.sub.12, wherein 0≤y≤50, and wherein X is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of yttrium, cerium, niobium and zirconium.

The negative electrode disclosed herein includes: a negative electrode current collector; and a negative electrode active material layer formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector. The negative electrode active material layer contains silicon oxide containing at least one alkali earth metal. The negative electrode active material layer includes at least a first layer and a second layer. The first layer is disposed between the second layer and the negative electrode current collector. The amount of the alkali earth metal in the second layer calculated based on energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy using a scanning electron microscope image is higher than the amount of the alkali earth metal in the first layer.

An electrolyte composition comprising (i) a block copolymer, (ii) an organic electrolyte (e.g. an ionic liquid), and (iii) a lithium salt, wherein the block copolymer comprises a non-ionic block and an ionic block, the non-ionic block comprising polymerised residues of hydrophobic monomers, and the ionic block comprising polymerised monomer residues having covalently coupled thereto (a) a pendant organic ionic liquid cation, the pendant organic ionic liquid cation having a counter anion, (b) a pendant anionic moiety, the pendant anionic moiety having a counter cation, or (c) a combination thereof, and the electrolyte composition has at least two glass transition temperature (Tg) values.

An electrolyte composition comprising (i) a block copolymer, (ii) an organic electrolyte (e.g. an ionic liquid), and (iii) a lithium salt, wherein the block copolymer comprises a non-ionic block and an ionic block, the non-ionic block comprising polymerised residues of hydrophobic monomers, and the ionic block comprising polymerised monomer residues having covalently coupled thereto (a) a pendant organic ionic liquid cation, the pendant organic ionic liquid cation having a counter anion, (b) a pendant anionic moiety, the pendant anionic moiety having a counter cation, or (c) a combination thereof, and the electrolyte composition has at least two glass transition temperature (Tg) values.

In conventional arts, it is impossible to form a good solid-solid interface in cathode mixture layers of all-solid-state batteries, which significantly deteriorates resistance of the all-solid-state battery after the charge/discharge cycle, which is problematic. A cathode slurry is produced by a method including: a first step of dispersing a conductive additive constituted of carbon in a solvent to obtain a first slurry; a second step of dispersing a sulfide solid electrolyte in the first slurry to obtain a second slurry; and a third step of dispersing a cathode active material in the second slurry to obtain a third slurry, to be used to form a cathode mixture layer. This may suppress agglomeration of the cathode active material as using the conductive additive as a core, and may lower the proportion of agglomerate present in the cathode mixture layer. As a result, a good solid-solid interface may be formed in the cathode mixture layer of the all-solid-state battery, and the resistance increase of the all-solid-state battery after the charge/discharge cycle may be suppressed.

In conventional arts, it is impossible to form a good solid-solid interface in cathode mixture layers of all-solid-state batteries, which significantly deteriorates resistance of the all-solid-state battery after the charge/discharge cycle, which is problematic. A cathode slurry is produced by a method including: a first step of dispersing a conductive additive constituted of carbon in a solvent to obtain a first slurry; a second step of dispersing a sulfide solid electrolyte in the first slurry to obtain a second slurry; and a third step of dispersing a cathode active material in the second slurry to obtain a third slurry, to be used to form a cathode mixture layer. This may suppress agglomeration of the cathode active material as using the conductive additive as a core, and may lower the proportion of agglomerate present in the cathode mixture layer. As a result, a good solid-solid interface may be formed in the cathode mixture layer of the all-solid-state battery, and the resistance increase of the all-solid-state battery after the charge/discharge cycle may be suppressed.

Each of the Ni-containing lithium-based complex oxide A and the Ni-containing lithium-based complex oxide B contains Ni in an amount of 55 mol % or more relative to the total number of moles of metal elements excluding Li, the Ni-containing lithium-based complex oxide A has an average primary particle diameter of 2 μm or more, an average secondary particle diameter of 2 to 6 μm, a particle fracture load of 5 to 35 mN and a BET specific surface area of 0.5 m2/g to 1.0 m2/g, and the Ni-containing lithium-based complex oxide B has an average primary particle diameter of 1 μm or less, an average secondary particle diameter of 10 to 20 μm, a particle fracture load of 10 to 35 mN and a BET specific surface area of 0.1 m2/g to 1.0 m2/g.

Each of the Ni-containing lithium-based complex oxide A and the Ni-containing lithium-based complex oxide B contains Ni in an amount of 55 mol % or more relative to the total number of moles of metal elements excluding Li, the Ni-containing lithium-based complex oxide A has an average primary particle diameter of 2 μm or more, an average secondary particle diameter of 2 to 6 μm, a particle fracture load of 5 to 35 mN and a BET specific surface area of 0.5 m2/g to 1.0 m2/g, and the Ni-containing lithium-based complex oxide B has an average primary particle diameter of 1 μm or less, an average secondary particle diameter of 10 to 20 μm, a particle fracture load of 10 to 35 mN and a BET specific surface area of 0.1 m2/g to 1.0 m2/g.

The invention relates to active electrode materials and to methods for the manufacture of active electrode materials. Such materials are of interest as active electrode materials in lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries. The invention provides an active electrode material expressed by the general formula [M][Nb].sub.y[O].sub.z; wherein the active electrode material is oxygen deficient; wherein M consists of one of Mg, Cr, W, Mo, Cu, Ga, Ge, Ca, K, Ni, Co, Al, Sn, Mn, Ce, Sb, Y, La, Hf, Ta, Zn, In, or Cd; y satisfies 0.5≤y≤49; and z satisfies 4≤z≤124.

The invention relates to active electrode materials and to methods for the manufacture of active electrode materials. Such materials are of interest as active electrode materials in lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries. The invention provides an active electrode material expressed by the general formula [M][Nb].sub.y[O].sub.z; wherein the active electrode material is oxygen deficient; wherein M consists of one of Mg, Cr, W, Mo, Cu, Ga, Ge, Ca, K, Ni, Co, Al, Sn, Mn, Ce, Sb, Y, La, Hf, Ta, Zn, In, or Cd; y satisfies 0.5≤y≤49; and z satisfies 4≤z≤124.