A lithium metal oxide suitable for use as a cathode material in a rechargeable battery having a general formula of: Li.sub.xM.sub.zM′.sub.zO.sub.uF.sub.y, where x is 1.80<x<2.20, y=1, and more specifically 1.90<x<2.10, with 1.80<u<2.20. Preferably, 1.90<u<2.10, and 0.80<y<1.20, or more specifically, 0.90<y<1.10. The lithium metal oxide has a cation-disordered rocksalt structure, wherein M is a transition metal selected from a first group consisting of Ni, Mn, Co, Fe, and combinations thereof. M′ is a transition metal selected from a second group consisting of Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Hf, Te, Sb, and combinations thereof. M has a first oxidation state q and M′ has a second oxidation state q′, with (q/z)+(q′/z′)=+3, preferably +2.7≤q/z)+(q′/z′)≤+3.3.

Provided is a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, including a positive electrode with a positive electrode active material capable of absorbing and releasing a metal ion; a negative electrode with a negative electrode active material capable of absorbing and releasing a metal ion; and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution; wherein the positive electrode active material includes a lithium transition metal compound, and the positive electrode active material includes at least Ni, Mn and Co, wherein the molar ratio of Mn/(Ni+Mn+Co) is larger than 0 and not larger than 0.32, the molar ratio of Ni/(Ni+Mn+Co) is 0.55 or more, the plate density of the positive electrode is 3.0 g/cm.sup.3 or more; and the nonaqueous electrolyte solution includes a monofluorophosphate and/or a difluorophosphate. A total content of the monofluorophosphate and/or difluorophosphate is 0.01% by mass or more in terms of the concentration in the nonaqueous electrolyte solution.

An alkaline electrochemical cell includes a cathode; a gelled anode having an anode active material and an electrolyte; and a separator disposed between the cathode and the anode; wherein the separator includes a non-conductive, porous material having a mean pore size of about 1 micron to about 5 microns, a maximum pore size of about 19 microns, and an air permeability of about 0.5 cc/cm.sup.2/s to about 3.8 cc/cm.sup.2/s at 125 Pa.

A lithium secondary battery including a negative electrode in which a negative electrode mixture included in the negative electrode is formed by charge and discharge of the battery. This negative electrode is formed by charge-induced formation of lithium metal on a negative electrode current collector having a three-dimensional structure form. The lithium secondary battery forms lithium metal while being blocked from the atmosphere. Therefore, formation of a surface oxide layer (native oxide layer) on a negative electrode is blocked and a lithium dendrite growth suppressing effect is achieved by forming lithium metal on a negative electrode current collector having a three-dimensional structure form. The lithium secondary battery has a superior battery efficiency and reduces declines in lifetime properties.

Systems, articles, and methods generally related to the electrochemical formation of layers comprising halogen ions on substrates are described.

Systems, articles, and methods generally related to the electrochemical formation of layers comprising halogen ions on substrates are described.

Provided are: a positive electrode for solid-state batteries, which enables the achievement of high energy density, rate characteristics and durability; a solid-state battery; and a method for producing a solid-state battery. A positive electrode for solid-state batteries, which is provided with a collector and a positive electrode active material layer that contains a positive electrode active material, and which is configured such that: the ratio of the positive electrode active material, which is composed of primary particles, in the positive electrode active material layer is 60% by mass or more; the void fraction in the positive electrode active material layer is less than 20% by volume; and portions of the positive electrode active material layer other than the positive electrode active material, which is composed of primary particles, contain a solid electrolyte. The present invention also provides: a solid-state battery which comprises this positive electrode for solid-state batteries; and a method for producing this solid-state battery.

A primary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution. The positive electrode includes manganese dioxide. The negative electrode includes a lithium-based material. The electrolytic solution includes an alkali metal compound represented by Formula (1) and a dicarboxylic anhydride compound represented by Formula (2).

MeN(C.sub.xF.sub.2x+1SO.sub.2)(C.sub.yF.sub.2y+1SO.sub.2)  (1) where: Me is an alkali metal element; and x and y are each an integer of 0 or greater.

W(—C(═O)—O—C(═O)—).sub.z  (2) where: W is a benzene-based aromatic ring from which 2z-number of hydrogen atoms are eliminated; and z is an integer of 2 or greater.

A primary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution. The positive electrode includes manganese dioxide. The negative electrode includes a lithium-based material. The electrolytic solution includes an alkali metal compound represented by Formula (1) and a dicarboxylic anhydride compound represented by Formula (2).

MeN(C.sub.xF.sub.2x+1SO.sub.2)(C.sub.yF.sub.2y+1SO.sub.2)  (1) where: Me is an alkali metal element; and x and y are each an integer of 0 or greater.

W(—C(═O)—O—C(═O)—).sub.z  (2) where: W is a benzene-based aromatic ring from which 2z-number of hydrogen atoms are eliminated; and z is an integer of 2 or greater.

Alkaline electrochemical cells are provided, wherein a conductive carbon is included in the cell's cathode in order to decrease resistivity of the cathode, so as to improve the discharge of the cell, particularly in high drain applications. The conductive carbon may comprise carbon nanotubes and/or graphene. Methods for preparing such cells are also provided.