An alkaline dry battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an alkaline electrolytic solution contained in the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the separator. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material including zinc, and an additive. The additive includes at least one selected from the group consisting of maleic acid, maleic anhydride and maleate salts.

A homogenously mixed metal manganese oxide. The mixed metal manganese oxide includes a homogenous mixture of manganese and at least two more metals. The additional metals may be cesium, nickel, copper, bismuth, cobalt, magnesium, iron, aluminum, scandium, vanadium, chromium, silver, gold, titanium, or, lead. A method of making the metal manganese oxide material includes mixing salts of manganese and the additional metals. The mixture may be activated and digested at an elevated temperature. Also, a battery having a cathode made from the homogenously mixed metal manganese oxide.

According to one embodiment, an electrode construct including an electrode and a composite membrane is provided. The electrode includes an active material-containing layer and a current collecting layer. The active material-containing layer includes a first principal surface and a second principal surface. The current collecting layer is in contact with the second principal surface. The composite membrane includes a composite layer in contact with the first principal surface. The composite layer contains inorganic solid particles and a polymeric material. A peel strength σ1 at a first interface between the active material-containing layer and the composite layer and a peel strength σ2 at a second interface between the active material-containing layer and the current collecting layer satisfy a relationship of σ1>σ2, and σ2≤1 N/cm.

An electrical or electrochemical cell, c a cathode layer, an electrolyte layer, and an anode layer is disclosed. The cathode layer includes a first material providing a cathodic electric transport, charge storage or redox function. The electrolyte layer includes a polymer, a first electrolyte salt, and/or an ionic liquid. The anode layer includes a second material providing an anodic electric transport, charge storage or redox function. At least one of the cathode and anode layers includes the ionic liquid, a second electrolyte salt, and/or a transport-enhancing additive.

A positive-electrode active material contains a lithium composite oxide, wherein the lithium composite oxide is a multiphase mixture including a first phase, of which a crystal structure belongs to a space group Fm-3m, and a second phase, of which a crystal structure belongs to a space group Fd-3m; and in an XRD pattern of the lithium composite oxide, the integrated intensity ratio I.sub.(18°-20°)/I.sub.(43°-46°) of a first maximum peak I.sub.(18°-20°) within a first range of 18 degrees to 20 degrees at a diffraction angle 2θ to a second maximum peak I.sub.(43°-46°) within a second range of 43 degrees to 46 degrees at the diffraction angle 2θ satisfies 0.05≤I.sub.(18°-20°)/I.sub.(43°-46°)≤0.90.

An electrode includes an electrode material, a polymer substrate, and a current collector. The electrode material comprises an electroactive material, and the electrode material forms an electrode material sheet. The electrode material sheet is disposed on the polymer substrate, and a current collector in electrical contact with the electrode material.

A composite solid electrolyte for a solid-state electrochemical cell is provided. The electrolyte may include a plurality of aramid nanofibers, such as a branched aramid nanofiber network, an ionically conductive polymer, such as poly(ethylene oxide) or quaternary ammonia functionalized polyvinyl alcohol (QAFPVA), and an optional divalent ion salt. The electrolyte is particularly suitable for use with zinc ions, where the divalent ion salt may comprise zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate Zn(CF.sub.3SO.sub.3).sub.2 An electrochemical cell or battery is provided incorporating such a composite solid electrolyte that cycles ions, such as zinc ions or hydroxide ions, suppresses or minimizes dendrite formation, while having good ionic conductivity and being flexible. This flexibility provides the ability to create deformations in the electrochemical cell, such as protrusions and recesses that may define a corrugated pattern. Such a battery may be a rechargeable structural battery with a corrugated surface profile that can be used to form load-bearing structural components.

Disclosed herein are electrochemical cells and their components. An electrochemical cell may include two electrodes, such as an anode and a cathode, an electrolyte, and, optionally, a separator. An electrochemical cell may include a surface layer. The surface layer may be formed in situ or ex situ and may be grown from or grown into an electrode surface, for example by a pre-treatment, a formation process, and/or during electrochemical cycling. The surface layer may be formed directly on an electrode material, such as an electroactive material or current collector, or on a layer disposed thereon, such as a carbon layer formed by carbonization. A surface layer may be solid or semi-solid, for example a gel or gelatinous. A surface layer may include one or more of: cation(s), anion(s), and functional group(s) that have reacted together. A surface layer may be a charge storage layer/film or a passivation layer.

The present invention provides a rechargeable lithium metal oxide-zinc battery system with an aqueous-based electrolyte including at least one positive electrode including a lithium compound, at least one negative electrode including zinc or a zinc compound, an aqueous-based electrolyte and an aqueous-based solvent. The aqueous-based electrolyte includes at least one zinc-based electroactive material and at least one lithium-based electroactive material. The combination of the electrodes and electrolyte composition suppresses electrode corrosion and gas generation at the negative electrode.

The present invention provides a rechargeable lithium metal oxide-zinc battery system with an aqueous-based electrolyte including at least one positive electrode including a lithium compound, at least one negative electrode including zinc or a zinc compound, an aqueous-based electrolyte and an aqueous-based solvent. The aqueous-based electrolyte includes at least one zinc-based electroactive material and at least one lithium-based electroactive material. The combination of the electrodes and electrolyte composition suppresses electrode corrosion and gas generation at the negative electrode.