A flexible micro-battery construction which can be contorted in three dimensions while maintaining operation and providing biocompatibility and useful power necessary for small medical and other devices is provided.

A flexible micro-battery construction which can be contorted in three dimensions while maintaining operation and providing biocompatibility and useful power necessary for small medical and other devices is provided.

The present invention relates to a new synthetic manganese oxide material, a method of synthesis of the new manganese oxide material, and use of the new synthetic manganese oxide as a secondary battery active cathode material in an electrochemical application.

Batteries are described that include a cathode, an anode, and a separator that electrically insulates the cathode from the anode. The separator includes a cation exchange membrane positioned between a first anion exchange membrane and a second anion exchange membrane, and has a hydroxide ion conductivity of at least about 10 mS/cm, and a diffusion ratio of hydroxide ions to at least one type of metal ion of at least about 100:1. Also described are methods of making a battery that include forming a separator between a cathode electrode and an anode electrode. The separator includes a cation exchange membrane positioned between a first anion exchange membrane and a second anion exchange membrane. The methods also include contacting the cathode electrode with a cathode current collector and the anode electrode with an anode current collector, where the cathode and anode currently collectors are electrically insulated from each other by a spacer material.

Batteries are described that include a cathode material, and anode material, and a polymeric material that separates the cathode material from the anode material. The polymeric material has hydroxide ion conductivity of at least about 50 mS/cm, and a diffusion ration of hydroxide ions to at least one type of metal ion of at least about 10:1. Also described are methods of making a battery that include forming a layer of polymeric material between a first electrode and second electrode of the battery. In additional methods, the polymeric material is coated on at least one of the electrodes of the battery. In further methods, the polymeric material is admixed with at least one of the electrode materials to make a composite electrode material that is incorporated into the electrode.

Batteries are described that include a cathode material, and anode material, and a polymeric material that separates the cathode material from the anode material. The polymeric material has hydroxide ion conductivity of at least about 50 mS/cm, and a diffusion ration of hydroxide ions to at least one type of metal ion of at least about 10:1. Also described are methods of making a battery that include forming a layer of polymeric material between a first electrode and second electrode of the battery. In additional methods, the polymeric material is coated on at least one of the electrodes of the battery. In further methods, the polymeric material is admixed with at least one of the electrode materials to make a composite electrode material that is incorporated into the electrode.

A metal oxide anchored graphene and carbon nanotube hybrid foam can be formed via a two-step process. The method can include forming at least one graphene layer and a plurality of carbon nanotubes onto a surface of a porous metal substrate by chemical vapor deposition to form a coated porous metal substrate, and depositing a plurality of metal oxide nanostructures onto a surface of the coated porous metal substrate to form the metal oxide anchored graphene and carbon nanotube hybrid foam.

A metal oxide anchored graphene and carbon nanotube hybrid foam can be formed via a two-step process. The method can include forming at least one graphene layer and a plurality of carbon nanotubes onto a surface of a porous metal substrate by chemical vapor deposition to form a coated porous metal substrate, and depositing a plurality of metal oxide nanostructures onto a surface of the coated porous metal substrate to form the metal oxide anchored graphene and carbon nanotube hybrid foam.

A battery structure includes an anode packaging material having a first textured surface and an anode metal formed on the first textured surface. A separator is formed on the anode metal. A cathode packaging material includes a second textured surface. A cathode metal is formed on the second textured surface. An active cathode paste is formed on the cathode metal and brought into contact with the separator such that any gap is filled with electrolyte.

A battery structure includes an anode packaging material having a first textured surface and an anode metal formed on the first textured surface. A separator is formed on the anode metal. A cathode packaging material includes a second textured surface. A cathode metal is formed on the second textured surface. An active cathode paste is formed on the cathode metal and brought into contact with the separator such that any gap is filled with electrolyte.