Cathode material from exhausted lithium ion batteries are dissolved in a solution for extracting the useful elements Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), Mn (manganese), Li (lithium), and Fe (iron) to produce active cathode materials for new batteries. The solution includes compounds of desirable materials such as cobalt, nickel and manganese dissolved as compounds from the exhausted cathode material of spent cells. Depending on a desired proportion, or ratio, of the desired materials, raw materials are added to the solution to achieve the desired ratio of the commingled compounds for the recycled cathode material for new cells. The desired materials precipitate out of solution without extensive heating or separation of the desired materials into individual compounds or elements. The resulting active cathode material has the predetermined ratio for use in new cells, and avoids high heat typically required to separate the useful elements because the desired materials remain commingled in solution.

Cathode material from exhausted lithium ion batteries are dissolved in a solution for extracting the useful elements Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), Mn (manganese), Li (lithium), and Fe (iron) to produce active cathode materials for new batteries. The solution includes compounds of desirable materials such as cobalt, nickel and manganese dissolved as compounds from the exhausted cathode material of spent cells. Depending on a desired proportion, or ratio, of the desired materials, raw materials are added to the solution to achieve the desired ratio of the commingled compounds for the recycled cathode material for new cells. The desired materials precipitate out of solution without extensive heating or separation of the desired materials into individual compounds or elements. The resulting active cathode material has the predetermined ratio for use in new cells, and avoids high heat typically required to separate the useful elements because the desired materials remain commingled in solution.

In a secondary battery including a non-aqueous electrolyte and a positive electrode, the improvement disclosed is a positive electrode composed of a material that a positive electrode active material and is composed of LiX, where X represents a halogen atom; and Fe.sub.2O.sub.3. A method of manufacturing the positive electrode active material includes mixing first particles and second particles to provide a mixture, wherein the first particles comprise LiX, where X represents a halogen atom, and the second particles comprise Fe.sub.2O.sub.3. A positive electrode including the positive electrode active material is disclosed, as well as a battery including the positive electrode, a battery pack including the battery, and a vehicle including the battery.

A rechargeable lithium battery includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material including a secondary particle in which a plurality of primary particles are aggregated, the secondary particle having at least a portion of the primary particles radially arranged and comprising a lithium nickel-based composite oxide, and a boron coating layer on the surface of the secondary particle and including lithium borate; a negative electrode; a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; an electrolyte including vinylene carbonate; and a case containing the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the separator, and the electrolyte.

A lithium secondary battery includes a cathode including a cathode active material that includes lithium metal oxide particles, an anode facing the cathode and including an anode active material, and an electrolyte solution including a lithium salt and an organic solvent. The lithium metal oxide particles contain at least 80 mol % of nickel and less than 10 mol % of manganese among all elements excluding lithium and oxygen. The organic solvent includes an acetate-based compound in an amount from 1 vol % to 10 vol % based on a total volume of the organic solvent.

An electrochemical cell includes solid-state, printable anode layer, cathode layer and non-aqueous gel electrolyte layer coupled to the anode layer and cathode layer. The electrolyte layer provides physical separation between the anode layer and the cathode layer, and comprises a composition configured to provide ionic communication between the anode layer and cathode layer by facilitating transmission of multivalent ions between the anode layer and the cathode layer.

A cathode plate of an all-solid battery configures a cathode of an all-solid battery including a solid electrolyte layer composed of an oxide-based ceramic material. A surface roughness on a solid electrolyte layer-side surface of the cathode plate on which the solid electrolyte layer is formed falls within a range of 0.1 micrometer to 0.7 micrometer.

A method of fabricating nanocomposite anode material embodying a lithium titanate (LTO)-multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) composite intended for use in a lithium-ion battery includes providing multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNTs), including nanotube surfaces, onto which functional oxygenated carboxylic acid moieties are arranged, generating 3D flower-like, lithium titanate (LTO) microspheres, including thin nanosheets and anchoring the acid-functionalized MWNTs onto surfaces of the 3D LTO microspheres by π-π interaction strategy to realize the nanocomposite anode material.

A positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, Li.sub.aNi.sub.xCo.sub.yMe.sub.zM.sup.1.sub.kM.sup.2.sub.pO.sub.2 wherein, 0.9≦a≦1.1, 0.7≦x≦0.93, 0<y≦0.3, 0<z≦0.3, 0.001≦k≦0.006, 0.001 ≦p≦0.005, x+y+z+k+p=1, Me is Mn or Al, M.sup.1 is a divalent element, and M.sup.2 is a tetravalent element.

The present invention is to provide a nonaqueous electrolytic solution prepared by dissolving an electrolyte salt in a nonaqueous solvent and an energy storage device, wherein the nonaqueous electrolytic solution includes LiPF.sub.2(—OC(═O)—C(═O)O—).sub.2 and at least one kind of a compound having a carbon-carbon triple bond represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR00001## (wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally substituted with a halogen atom; and R.sup.3 represents a methyl group or an ethyl group. X represents a hydrogen atom or —CR.sup.1R.sup.2—OS(═O).sub.2—R.sup.3.).