The present disclosure provides a phosphate framework electrode material for sodium ion battery and a method for synthesizing such electrode material. A surfactant and precursors including a sodium precursor, a phosphate precursor, a transition metal precursor are dissolved in a solvent and stirred for sufficient mixing and reaction. The precursors are reacted to yield a precipitate of particles of Na.sub.xA.sub.bM.sub.y(PO.sub.4).sub.zX.sub.n compound and with the surfactant attached to the particles. The solvent is then removed and the remaining precipitate is sintered to crystallize the particles. During sintering, the surfactant is decomposed to form a carbon network between the crystallized particles and the crystallized particles and the carbon matrix are integrated to form the electrode material.

The present disclosure provides a phosphate framework electrode material for sodium ion battery and a method for synthesizing such electrode material. A surfactant and precursors including a sodium precursor, a phosphate precursor, a transition metal precursor are dissolved in a solvent and stirred for sufficient mixing and reaction. The precursors are reacted to yield a precipitate of particles of Na.sub.xA.sub.bM.sub.y(PO.sub.4).sub.zX.sub.n compound and with the surfactant attached to the particles. The solvent is then removed and the remaining precipitate is sintered to crystallize the particles. During sintering, the surfactant is decomposed to form a carbon network between the crystallized particles and the crystallized particles and the carbon matrix are integrated to form the electrode material.

An alkaline secondary battery having excellent charge-discharge cycle characteristics is provided. The alkaline secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The positive electrode contains a silver oxide. The negative electrode contains zinc-based particles selected from the group consisting of zinc particles and zinc alloy particles. The separator holds an alkaline electrolyte solution. An anion conductive membrane is disposed between the negative electrode and the separator. The anion conductive membrane includes a polymer as a matrix and particles of at least one metal compound selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates, metal sulfates, metal phosphates, metal borates, and metal silicates, which are dispersed in the matrix.

A bimodal lithium transition metal oxide based powder for a rechargeable battery, comprising: a first lithium transition metal oxide based powder, either comprising a material having a layered crystal structure consisting of the elements Li, a metal M and oxygen, wherein the Li content is stoichiometrically controlled, wherein the metal M has the formula M=Co.sub.1aM.sub.a, with 0a0.05, and wherein M is either one or more metals of the group consisting of Al, Ga and B; or comprising a core material and a surface layer, the core having a layered crystal structure consisting of the elements Li, a metal M and oxygen, wherein the Li content is stoichiometrically controlled, wherein the metal M has the formula M=Co.sub.1aM.sub.a, with 0a0.05, wherein M is either one or more metals of the group consisting of Al, Ga and B; and the surface layer consisting of a mixture of the elements of the core material and inorganic N-based oxides, wherein N is either one or more metals of the group consisting of Mg, Ti, Fe, Cu, Ca, Ba, Y, Sn, Sb, Na, Zn, Zr, Si, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sc, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Dy, and Er; the first powder having an average particle size (D50) of at least 15 m; and a second lithium transition metal oxide based powder having the formula Li.sub.1+bN.sub.1bO.sub.2, wherein 0.10b0.25, and NNi.sub.xMn.sub.yCo.sub.zA.sub.d, wherein 0.10x0.60, 0.30y0.80, 0.05z0.20 and 0d0.10, A being a dopant, the second powder having an average particle size (D50) of less than 5 m, and preferably less than 2 m.

A bimodal lithium transition metal oxide based powder for a rechargeable battery, comprising: a first lithium transition metal oxide based powder, either comprising a material having a layered crystal structure consisting of the elements Li, a metal M and oxygen, wherein the Li content is stoichiometrically controlled, wherein the metal M has the formula M=Co.sub.1aM.sub.a, with 0a0.05, and wherein M is either one or more metals of the group consisting of Al, Ga and B; or comprising a core material and a surface layer, the core having a layered crystal structure consisting of the elements Li, a metal M and oxygen, wherein the Li content is stoichiometrically controlled, wherein the metal M has the formula M=Co.sub.1aM.sub.a, with 0a0.05, wherein M is either one or more metals of the group consisting of Al, Ga and B; and the surface layer consisting of a mixture of the elements of the core material and inorganic N-based oxides, wherein N is either one or more metals of the group consisting of Mg, Ti, Fe, Cu, Ca, Ba, Y, Sn, Sb, Na, Zn, Zr, Si, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sc, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Dy, and Er; the first powder having an average particle size (D50) of at least 15 m; and a second lithium transition metal oxide based powder having the formula Li.sub.1+bN.sub.1bO.sub.2, wherein 0.10b0.25, and NNi.sub.xMn.sub.yCo.sub.zA.sub.d, wherein 0.10x0.60, 0.30y0.80, 0.05z0.20 and 0d0.10, A being a dopant, the second powder having an average particle size (D50) of less than 5 m, and preferably less than 2 m.

The present systems, i.e. a primary lithium battery, utilize electrolytes that do not produce gases at the lower voltages, allowing increased useable capacity of a battery in a low power implantable medical device.

Certain example embodiments relate to silver nano-metal mesh inclusive electrodes, and/or methods of making the same. The techniques described herein may be used, for example, in projected capacitive touch panels, display devices, and/or the like. Purposeful de-wetting of physical vapor deposited (PVD) silver (e.g., sputter deposited silver) is used to create the mesh. The properties of the mesh can be controlled through heat treatment, changes to the base layer composition (e.g., using materials with different surface energies, or adjusting surface energies), the creation of non-Ag PVD or otherwise formed islands that act as nodes for the film to attached itself to during the de-wetting process, and/or the like.

Certain example embodiments relate to silver nano-metal mesh inclusive electrodes, and/or methods of making the same. The techniques described herein may be used, for example, in projected capacitive touch panels, display devices, and/or the like. Purposeful de-wetting of physical vapor deposited (PVD) silver (e.g., sputter deposited silver) is used to create the mesh. The properties of the mesh can be controlled through heat treatment, changes to the base layer composition (e.g., using materials with different surface energies, or adjusting surface energies), the creation of non-Ag PVD or otherwise formed islands that act as nodes for the film to attached itself to during the de-wetting process, and/or the like.

A battery includes an anode, an electrolyte, and a cathode. The cathode includes a current collector having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, a first material layer comprising sub-fluorinated carbon fluoride (CF.sub.x), and a second material layer comprising silver vanadium oxide (SVO) bonded to the first material layer. The first material layer comprising CF.sub.x may also be bonded to a third material layer comprising SVO, and the third material layer is bonded to the first surface of the current collector.

A planar dissolved oxygen sensing electrode for water quality monitoring and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The sensing electrode includes an insulating base plate, an electric-conductive layer, an oxygen sensing layer, a reference sensing layer, and an electrolyte layer. The electric-conductive layer is disposed on the planar surface of the insulating base plate. The electric-conductive layer includes a first conductive part, a second conductive part, a first reaction zone and a second reaction zone. The first conductive part and the second conductive part are connected to the first reaction zone and the second reaction zone, respectively. The oxygen sensing layer disposed on the first reaction zone includes plural catalyst particles dispersed in the polymer matrix. The reference sensing layer is disposed on the second reaction zone. The electrolyte layer is disposed on the oxygen sensing layer and the reference sensing layer.