The disclosure discloses a method for recycling lead paste in a spent lead-acid battery, comprising: (1) pretreating lead paste in a spent lead-acid battery as a raw material under vacuum; mixing the pretreated lead paste with a chlorination reagent to obtain reactants; and heating the reactants under vacuum to carry out a chlorination volatilization reaction, so that lead element in the pretreated lead paste is combined with chlorine element in the chlorination reagent to form lead chloride, which is then volatilized, and after the reaction is completed, chlorination residue and a crude lead chloride product are obtained by condensation and crystallization after volatilization; (2) purifying the crude lead chloride product obtained in the step (1) under vacuum to obtain a refined lead chloride product. The disclosure improves the overall process flow of the recycling method as well as parameter conditions of the respective steps thereof, and can effectively solve the problem of serious pollution in lead paste recycling in the prior art.

A battery paste mixer condensation assembly includes a duct, a condenser, a basin, and a pipe. The duct is in fluid communication with a battery paste mixer. Exiting gas from the battery paste mixer can travel through the duct. The condenser is situated downstream of the duct. The basin is situated near the condenser. Condensed liquid from the condenser is deposited in the basin. The pipe is in fluid communication with the basin and is in fluid communication with the battery paste mixer. Deposited liquid in the basin can travel from the basin and to the battery paste mixer by way of the pipe.

A lead-acid battery includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and an electrolyte solution. The negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode material. The negative electrode material contains a polymer compound. The polymer compound has a peak in a range of 3.2 ppm or more and 3.8 ppm or less in a chemical shift of .sup.1H-NMR spectrum, or the negative electrode material contains a polymer compound having a repeating structure of oxy C.sub.2-4 alkylene units.

The present disclosure discloses a method for forming a lead-carbon compound interface layer on a lead-based substrate, wherein the lead-based substrate has a surface, and the method includes steps of: causing an acidic solution to contact with a carbon material and a lead-containing material to form a carbon-containing plumbate precursor having an ionic lead; and reducing the ionic lead in the carbon-containing plumbate precursor to form the lead-carbon compound interface layer on the surface.

The present disclosure discloses a method for forming a lead-carbon compound interface layer on a lead-based substrate, wherein the lead-based substrate has a surface, and the method includes steps of: causing an acidic solution to contact with a carbon material and a lead-containing material to form a carbon-containing plumbate precursor having an ionic lead; and reducing the ionic lead in the carbon-containing plumbate precursor to form the lead-carbon compound interface layer on the surface.

A positive electrode active material of a lithium ion battery includes lithium manganese iron phosphate and a ternary material. A negative electrode active material is graphite. The lithium ion battery meets the following formulas:

[00001]$\begin{array}{l}1.08\le \left({\text{M}}_3*{\text{η}}_3*\text{y}\right)/\left[\left({\text{M}}_1*{\text{η}}_1*{\text{A}}_1+{\text{M}}_2*{\text{η}}_2*{\text{A}}_2\right)*\text{x}\right]\\ \le 1.12\text{and}\end{array}$

[00002]$\begin{array}{l}0.49\le \left[{\text{M}}_1*\left(1\text{-}{\text{η}}_1\right)*{\text{A}}_1+{\text{M}}_2*\left(1\text{-}{\text{η}}_2\right)*{\text{A}}_2\right]*\text{x}/\left[{\text{M}}_3*\left(1\text{-}{\text{η}}_3\right)*\text{y}\right]\\ \le 1.15\end{array}$

where M.sub.1 is the first-charge specific capacity of lithium manganese iron phosphate; .sub.η1, is the initial efficiency of lithium manganese iron phosphate; A.sub.1 is the percent by mass of lithium manganese iron phosphate in the positive electrode active material; M.sub.2 is the first-charge specific capacity of the ternary material; .sub.η2 is the initial efficiency of the ternary material; A.sub.2 is the percent by mass of the ternary material in the positive electrode active material; M.sub.3 is the first-discharge specific capacity of graphite; .sub.η3 is the initial efficiency of graphi

The present invention relates to a uni-electrogrid lead acid battery and process of making the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to uni-electro grid plate comprising a) tubular unielectro grid plate comprising of positive tubular grid plate and negative flat grid plate; or flat unielectrogrid plate comprising of positive flat grid plate and negative flat grid plate; b) non-conductive substrate comprising positive tubular grid with positive active material on its first side and negative flat grid with negative active material on its second side; or positive flat grid with positive active material on its first side and negative flat grid with negative active material on its second side; c) at least single in one side of the grid or multiple interconnectors placed between the positive and negative grid; and d) sealant. Also, it provides tubular unielectro grid plate or flat unielectrogrid plate and process for preparing the same.

A conductive current collector with modified surfaces can be included as a portion of a bipolar battery assembly. The fabrication process can include deposition or formation of a thin film layer such as metal silicide on a surface of the current collector. Metal silicides can be created by co-sputtering or by annealing after deposition of one or more of a silicon or a metal layer. Additional layers can be provided, such as to facilitate adhesion of an active material to a current collector.

A conductive current collector with modified surfaces can be included as a portion of a bipolar battery assembly. The fabrication process can include deposition or formation of a thin film layer such as metal silicide on a surface of the current collector. Metal silicides can be created by co-sputtering or by annealing after deposition of one or more of a silicon or a metal layer. Additional layers can be provided, such as to facilitate adhesion of an active material to a current collector.

According to one or more embodiments presently described, metal-containing particles may be made by a method that includes introducing a molten material into a reaction zone of a reactor system, passing a process gas into the reaction zone in a direction substantially tangential to a sidewall of the reaction zone, and contacting the process gas with the molten material in the reaction zone to form metal-containing particles. The molten material may be introduced into an upper portion of the reaction zone The reaction zone may include a substantially circular cross-section, and the molten metal may be introduced into the reaction zone in a laminar flow or as atomized particles.