Provided is a cathode that is configured to decrease battery resistance when it is used in an all-solid-state battery, and a method for producing the cathode. Disclosed is a cathode comprising a cathode layer for all-solid-state batteries, wherein the cathode layer contains cathode active material particles and solid electrolyte particles; wherein at least one of the cathode active material particles and the solid electrolyte particles contain a phosphorus element; and wherein, in a photoelectron spectrum by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement of the cathode layer, a P peak intensity ratio (A/B), which is derived from the phosphorus element, of a signal intensity A at a binding energy of 131.6 eV to a signal intensity B at a binding energy of 133.1 eV, is larger than 0.58.

A method for synthesizing an alkali metal-based phosphorous compound includes contacting an elemental alkali metal with elemental phosphorous to create a mixture and applying a pressure of less than 20 gigapascals to the mixture for forming the alkali metal-based phosphorous compound.

The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery, comprising: a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode active material layer comprising a soft carbon negative electrode active material and a byproduct having an average particle size (D50) of 10 to 70 nm; a positive electrode comprising a positive electrode active material; and an electrolyte.

A composite cathode active material includes a secondary particle; and a coating on a surface of the secondary particle, wherein the secondary particle comprises a plurality of primary particles, and the plurality of primary particles include a lithium nickel transition metal oxide having a layered crystal structure; and a grain boundary between primary particles of the plurality of primary particles, the grain boundary including a lithium metal oxide having a crystal structure different from the lithium nickel transition metal oxide having a layered crystal structure, wherein the coating on the surface of the secondary particle includes a metal oxide including cobalt, and a Group 2 element, a Group 12 element, a Group 13 element, or a combination thereof.

Provided is conducting network polymer-encapsulated phosphorus-based anode particulate or multiple particulates for a lithium or sodium ion battery, the particulate comprising: (A) a core comprising one or a plurality of phosphorus material particles or coating (e.g. on surfaces of graphitic material particles) having a diameter or thickness from 0.5 nm to 10 μm and is selected from red phosphorus, black phosphorus (including phosphorene), violet phosphorus, a metal phosphide, MPy, or a combination thereof, wherein M=Mn, V, Sn, Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, Zn, Ge, Se, Mo, Ga, In, or an alloy thereof, and y=1-4; and (B) an encapsulating shell that embraces or encapsulates the core, wherein the encapsulating shell comprises an electron- and/or ion-conducting network (cross-linked) polymer.

An electrochemical cell and method of use, including an anode of metal, an air permeable cathode, an electrolyte between the anode and the cathode, and a transition metal phosphide catalyst on the cathode or between the cathode and the electrolyte. Also, a method of generating electrical current with an electrochemical cell by introducing a transition metal phosphide catalyst on a cathode side of the electrochemical cell. The catalyst can be in the form of any suitable nanostructure, such as molybdenum phosphide nanoflakes.

A method uses mild fluorinating agents, such as hydrofluorocarbons—HCFs, perfluorocarbons—PFCs, hydrochlorofluorocarbons HCFCs and chlorofluorocarbons—CFCs, to fine-tune the fluorination process in battery material preparation in order to obtain uniform nanometer-sized surface fluoride coated battery materials. The use of a vertical flow-type tube reactor permits a fine-tuning of the fluorination process by accurately regulating the active gas or mixture of gases flow over battery materials using mass-flow regulators, and precisely setting the temperature with vertical rube furnace. Additionally, these fluorinating agents have slightly different reactivity, decomposing and reacting with battery materials at different temperatures, and therefore, offering additional parameter of fluorination fine-tuning. The method is scalable and can be easily adapted as an industrial solution. Moreover, all these gases are non-toxic, non-corrosive and non-flammable gases at room temperatures, hence, they are more convenient to handle than highly-toxic and highly-corrosive HF and F.sub.2 gases.

The present invention provides a slurry composition comprising an electrochemically active material and/or an electrically conductive agent, and a binder comprising a polymer comprising a fluoropolymer dispersed in an organic medium; wherein the organic medium has an evaporation rate less than 10 g/min m.sup.2, at the dissolution temperature of the fluoropolymer dispersed in the organic medium. The present invention also provides electrodes and electrical storage devices.

The present disclosure provides an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions. The electrochemical cell includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The positive electrode includes a positive electroactive material and a lithiation additive blended with the positive electroactive material. The lithiation additive includes a lithium-containing material and one or more metals. The lithium-containing material is represented by LiX, where X is hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), fluorine (F), phosphorous (P), or sulfur (S). The one or more metals are selected from the group consisting of: iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), and combinations thereof. The negative electrode may include a volume-expanding negative electroactive material.

To provide a method for forming a storage battery electrode including an active material layer with high density in which the proportion of conductive additive is low and the proportion of the active material is high. To provide a storage battery having a higher capacity per unit volume of an electrode with the use of a storage battery electrode formed by the formation method. A method for forming a storage battery electrode includes the steps of forming a mixture including an active material, graphene oxide, and a binder; providing a mixture over a current collector; and immersing the mixture provided over the current collector in a polar solvent containing a reducer, so that the graphene oxide is reduced.