A battery electrode composition is provided that comprises composite particles. Each composite particle may comprise, for example, active fluoride material and a nanoporous, electrically-conductive scaffolding matrix within which the active fluoride material is disposed. The active fluoride material is provided to store and release ions during battery operation. The storing and releasing of the ions may cause a substantial change in volume of the active material. The scaffolding matrix structurally supports the active material, electrically interconnects the active material, and accommodates the changes in volume of the active material.

A battery includes an anode, an electrolyte including a solvent and at least one ion conducting salt, and a cathode including a metal halide salt incorporated into an electrically conductive material. The electrolyte is in contact with the anode, the cathode, and an oxidizing gas.

A method for manufacturing an electrochemical device that may be selected from the group consisting of: lithium ion batteries with a capacity greater than 1 mAh, capacitors, supercapacitors, resistors, inductors, transistors, photovoltaic cells, fuel cells, implementing a method for manufacturing an assembly comprising a porous electrode and a porous separator comprising a porous layer deposited on a substrate having a porosity comprised between 20% and 60% by volume, and pores with an average diameter of less than 50 nm.

The present invention provides a fluoride ion secondary battery which has high initial charge/discharge efficiency, while starting with a charged state and having a high voltage. According to the present invention, a composite body is formed using, as negative electrode active materials, nanometer-sized aluminum particles and modified aluminum fluoride together with the other constituents of a negative electrode mixture, said modified aluminum fluoride having voids that are formed by deintercalation of fluoride ions; and a fluoride ion secondary battery is configured by combining a negative electrode, which uses this composite body, with a positive electrode that contains a specific substance as a positive electrode active material.

The present disclosure relates to an anode material, a preparation method thereof, and a lithium ion battery. The anode material is primary particles. The primary particle includes a skeleton. The skeleton includes a main skeleton located inside the primary particle and multiple branches extending to the surface of the primary particle. The primary particles have a macroporous structure, and pores are formed inside the primary particles, and extend to the surface of the primary particles. Compared with the secondary porous structure formed by accumulating nano-particles, the anode material of the present disclosure has a more stable structure and low volume expansion while having a smaller specific surface area and a higher porosity.

An anode for a fluoride ion electrochemical cell is provided and includes a layered material of hard carbon, nitrogen doped graphite, boron doped graphite, TiS.sub.2, MoS.sub.2, TiSe.sub.2, MoSe.sub.2, VS.sub.2, VSe.sub.2, electrides of alkali earth metal nitrides, electrides of metal carbides, or combinations thereof. The anode may be included in a fluoride ion electrochemical cell, which additionally includes a cathode and a fluoride ion electrolyte arranged between the cathode and the anode. At least one of the cathode and the anode reversibly exchange the fluoride ions with the electrolyte during charging or discharging of the electrochemical cell.

An object provides a power generation apparatus performing the purification of an Al alloy melt using scrap as raw material. A power generation apparatus includes: a container body with aluminum alloy melt and molten salt in a liquid junction with the aluminum alloy melt; an anode which is in contact with the aluminum alloy melt; and a cathode which is in contact with the molten salt. DC power is obtained from between the anode and the cathode by an anode reaction on the aluminum alloy melt side and a cathode reaction on the molten salt side. When the aluminum alloy melt and the molten salt are separated by a separator allowing ionic conduction between the aluminum alloy melt and molten salt, the power generation efficiency is enhanced. The amount of a reactant in the Al alloy melt is monitored by measuring the electrical quantity associated with the power generation.

The disclosure provides rechargeable lithium ion batteries comprising at least one lithium salt-graphite composite electrode. In particular, the disclosure provides a rechargeable “water-in-bisalt” lithium ion battery with a high potential where at least a portion of the lithium salt is phase separated from the aqueous electrolyte, and where the anionic-redox reaction occurs within the graphitic lattice.

An electrochemical cell for a secondary battery, preferably for use in an electric vehicle, is provided. The cell includes a solid metallic anode, which is deposited over a suitable current collector substrate during the cell charging process. Several variations of compatible electrolyte are disclosed, along with suitable cathode materials for building the complete cell.

The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery, comprising: a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode active material layer comprising a soft carbon negative electrode active material and a byproduct having an average particle size (D50) of 10 to 70 nm; a positive electrode comprising a positive electrode active material; and an electrolyte.