The present disclosure relates to fluoride ion batteries and structures of metal based electrode materials for various fluoride ion batteries. The structures of the metal based electrode materials comprise one or more shells or interfaces, enabling the electrodes to operate at room temperature with a liquid electrolyte.

An electrochemical cell for a secondary battery, preferably for use in an electric vehicle, is provided. The cell includes a solid metallic anode, which is deposited over a suitable current collector substrate during the cell charging process. Several variations of compatible electrolyte are disclosed, along with suitable cathode materials for building the complete cell.

A battery electrode composition is provided that comprises composite particles. Each composite particle may comprise, for example, active fluoride material and a nanoporous, electrically-conductive scaffolding matrix within which the active fluoride material is disposed. The active fluoride material is provided to store and release ions during battery operation. The storing and releasing of the ions may cause a substantial change in volume of the active material. The scaffolding matrix structurally supports the active material, electrically interconnects the active material, and accommodates the changes in volume of the active material.

The present disclosure provides an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions. The electrochemical cell includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The positive electrode includes a positive electroactive material and a lithiation additive blended with the positive electroactive material. The lithiation additive includes a lithium-containing material and one or more metals. The lithium-containing material is represented by LiX, where X is hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), fluorine (F), phosphorous (P), or sulfur (S). The one or more metals are selected from the group consisting of: iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), and combinations thereof. The negative electrode may include a volume-expanding negative electroactive material.

Methods and systems are provided for a redox flow battery system. In one example, the redox flow battery is adapted with an additive included in a battery electrolyte and an anion exchange membrane separator dividing positive electrolyte from negative electrolyte. An overall system cost of the battery system may be reduced while a storage capacity, energy density and performance may be increased.

A novel wound electrode assembly for a lithium oxyhalide electrochemical cell is described. The electrode assembly comprises an elongate cathode of an electrochemically non-active but electrically conductive carbonaceous material disposed between an inner elongate portion and an outer elongate portion of a unitary lithium anode. That way, lithium faces the entire length of the opposed major sides of the cathode. This inner anode portion/cathode/outer anode portion configuration is rolled into a wound-shaped electrode assembly that is housed inside a cylindrically-shaped casing. A cylindrically-shaped sheet-type spring centered in the electrode assembly presses outwardly to limit axial movement of the electrode assembly. In one embodiment, all the non-active components, except for the cathode current collector, which is nickel, are made of stainless-steel. This provides the cell with a low magnetic signature without adversely affecting the cell's high-rate capability.

A positive electrode active material for a secondary battery including: a lithium metal composite oxide having a crystal structure based on a rock salt structure belonging to a space group Fm-3m. The lithium metal composite oxide contains an element A.sup.1 of at least one selected from the group consisting of Ca, Al, and Si, and in the lithium metal composite oxide, a total of Ca, Al, and Si contents relative to a total of the lithimn metal composite oxide is 10 to 1000 ppm by mass.

Disclosed herein are novel, high salt concentration, sulfolane based electrolytes with a sulfone cosolvent(s), which are at their eutectic concentrations to lower the melting points of the electrolytes. The lower melting point electrolytes improve the low temperature performance of high voltage rechargeable batteries. The high salt concentration electrolytes improve the cycle performance of rechargeable lithium metal anode based batteries. The same electrolytes can operate above 4.3 V and up to 5.0 V vs. Li/Li.sup.+. Various cells containing said electrolytes are also disclosed herein.

Systems and methods are disclosed that provide for a silicon-carbon composite material that includes nanoparticulate (e.g., nanocrystalline) silicon derived from a reaction between a zintl salt and metal halide. The nanoparticulate silicon-carbon composite material can be used to provide electrode materials (e.g., anode) and cells.

A crystalline precursor compound for manufacturing a lithium transition metal based oxide powder usable as an active positive electrode material in lithium-ion batteries, the precursor having a general formula Li.sub.1−a((Ni.sub.z(Ni.sub.0.5Mn.sub.0.5).sub.yCo.sub.x).sub.1−kA.sub.k).sub.1+aO.sub.2, wherein A comprises at least one element of the group consisting of: Mg, Al, Ca, Si, B, W, Zr, Ti, Nb, Ba, and Sr, with 0.05≤x≤0.40, 0.25≤z≤0.85, x+y+z=1, 0≤k≤0.10, and 0≤a≤0.053, wherein said crystalline precursor powder has a crystalline size L, expressed in nm, with 15≤L≤36.