An aluminum battery negative electrode structure includes an aluminum foil and a coating layer. The coating layer is arranged on the aluminum foil. A material of the coating layer includes a high specific surface area carbon material. A specific surface area of the high specific surface area carbon material ranges from 500 m.sup.2/g to 3,000 m.sup.2/g.

A negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same are disclosed. The negative electrode may include a silicon-based negative active material and a binder, where the binder is an acryl-based copolymer, the acryl-based copolymer including an acrylic acid first monomer, an acrylonitrile second monomer, and a (meth)acrylate third monomer. The acrylic acid first monomer may include acrylic acid substituted with lithium ions. The (meth)acrylate third monomer may include an ethylene glycol group, and a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the (meth)acrylate third monomer is less than about 900 g/mol.

An anode material having 0.8≤0.06×(Dv50).sup.2−2.5×Dv50+Dv99≤12 (1); and 1.2≤0.2×Dv50−0.006×(Dv50).sup.2+BET≤5 (2), where Dv50 represents a value in the volume-based particle size distribution of the anode material that is greater than the particle size of 50% of the particles, Dv99 represents a value in the volume-based particle size distribution of the anode material that is greater than the particle size of 99% of the particles, and BET is a specific surface area of the anode material, wherein Dv50 and Dv99 are expressed in μm and BET is expressed in m.sup.2/g. The anode material is capable of significantly improving the rate performance of electrochemical devices.

An anode material having 0.8≤0.06×(Dv50).sup.2−2.5×Dv50+Dv99≤12 (1); and 1.2≤0.2×Dv50−0.006×(Dv50).sup.2+BET≤5 (2), where Dv50 represents a value in the volume-based particle size distribution of the anode material that is greater than the particle size of 50% of the particles, Dv99 represents a value in the volume-based particle size distribution of the anode material that is greater than the particle size of 99% of the particles, and BET is a specific surface area of the anode material, wherein Dv50 and Dv99 are expressed in μm and BET is expressed in m.sup.2/g. The anode material is capable of significantly improving the rate performance of electrochemical devices.

This application discloses a secondary battery and a device containing the secondary battery. A positive active material of the secondary battery includes one or more of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, and a modified material thereof. A negative active material of the secondary battery includes a silicon-oxygen compound and graphite. A separator of the secondary battery includes a substrate and a coating layer. The secondary battery satisfies:

[00001]$7.5\le \frac{3460}{ED}-\left(D50-D_{C}50\times 0.75-\frac{T}{18}\right)\le 11.5,$

where ED≥270 Wh/Kg, 11 μm≤D50≤18.5 μm, 11 μm≤D.sub.C50≤20 μm. The secondary battery according to this application achieves relatively high cycle performance while achieving a relatively high energy density concurrently.

This application discloses a secondary battery and a device containing the secondary battery. A positive active material of the secondary battery includes one or more of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, and a modified material thereof. A negative active material of the secondary battery includes a silicon-oxygen compound and graphite. A separator of the secondary battery includes a substrate and a coating layer. The secondary battery satisfies:

[00001]$7.5\le \frac{3460}{ED}-\left(D50-D_{C}50\times 0.75-\frac{T}{18}\right)\le 11.5,$

where ED≥270 Wh/Kg, 11 μm≤D50≤18.5 μm, 11 μm≤D.sub.C50≤20 μm. The secondary battery according to this application achieves relatively high cycle performance while achieving a relatively high energy density concurrently.

Composite carbon particles including a porous carbon material and a silicon component, the composite carbon particle having an average aspect ratio of 1.25 or less, and a ratio (I.sub.Si/I.sub.G) of a peak intensity (I.sub.Si) in the vicinity of 470 cm.sup.−1 to a peak intensity (I.sub.G) in the vicinity of 1580 cm.sup.−1 as measured by Raman spectroscopy of 0.30 or less, wherein the porous carbon material satisfies V.sub.1/V.sub.0>0.80 and V.sub.2/V.sub.0<0.10, when a total pore volume at a maximum value of a relative pressure P/P.sub.0 is defined as V.sub.0 and P.sub.0 is a saturated vapor pressure, a cumulative pore volume at a relative pressure P/P.sub.0=0.1 is defined as V.sub.1, a cumulative pore volume at a relative pressure P/P.sub.0=10.sup.−7 is defined as V.sub.2 in a nitrogen adsorption test, and has a BET specific surface area of 800 m.sup.2/g or more.

Provided is a positive electrode for a lithium-sulfur secondary battery comprising a positive electrode active material, an electrically conductive material, a binder, and a multivalent metal salt. The multivalent metal salt comprises a cation of a metal selected from a group consisting of metals having 3 to 6 of an effective nuclear charge of outermost electrons in the 3rd and 4th periods. The positive electrode for the lithium-sulfur secondary battery can improve the performance of the lithium-sulfur secondary battery by introducing a multivalent metal salt and thus effectively inhibiting the leaching of lithium polysulfide when applied to the battery while not significantly increasing the weight of the electrode and not significantly lowering the conductivity of the electrode.

Provided is a positive electrode for a lithium-sulfur secondary battery comprising a positive electrode active material, an electrically conductive material, a binder, and a multivalent metal salt. The multivalent metal salt comprises a cation of a metal selected from a group consisting of metals having 3 to 6 of an effective nuclear charge of outermost electrons in the 3rd and 4th periods. The positive electrode for the lithium-sulfur secondary battery can improve the performance of the lithium-sulfur secondary battery by introducing a multivalent metal salt and thus effectively inhibiting the leaching of lithium polysulfide when applied to the battery while not significantly increasing the weight of the electrode and not significantly lowering the conductivity of the electrode.

A method of producing a porous carbon is provided that can change type of functional groups, amount of functional groups, or ratio of functional groups while inhibiting its pore structure from changing. A method of producing a porous carbon includes: a first step of carbonizing a material containing a carbon source and a template source, to prepare a carbonized product; and a second step of immersing the carbonized product into a template removing solution, to remove a template from the carbonized product, and the method is characterized by changing at least two or more of the following conditions: type of the material, ratio of the carbon source and the template source, size of the template, and type of the template removal solution, to thereby control type, amount, or ratio of functional groups that are present in the porous carbon.