A zinc bromine electrochemical cell comprises an anode-side subassembly, an insulating porous separator, and a cathode-side subassembly. The anode-side subassembly comprises an anode current terminal, an anode current collector, an anode support, an anode sheet, and an anode insulating net. The cathode-side subassembly comprises a cathode insulating mesh, a cathode graphite felt, a cathode sheet, a cathode current collector, and a cathode current terminal. The anode-side subassembly and the cathode-side subassembly are separated by the insulating porous separator.

A secondary battery (10) of the present invention includes at least a positive electrode (11), a negative electrode (12), a separation layer (5) that spatially separates the positive electrode (11) and the negative electrode (12), and an ion conductor that is held between the positive electrode (11) and the negative electrode (12) and has a function of conducting ions between the positive electrode (11) and the negative electrode (12). In addition, in an initial stage of using the secondary battery (10), the secondary battery has a characteristic of a potential decrease rate of the positive electrode (11) immediately before completion of full discharging being larger than a potential increase rate of the negative electrode (12) immediately before the completion of full discharging and a characteristic of a potential increase rate of the positive electrode (11) immediately before completion of full charging being larger than a potential decrease rate of the negative electrode (12) immediately before the completion of full charging, and the secondary battery (10) is continuously used until a state in which the potential decrease rate of the positive electrode (11) immediately before the completion of full discharging becomes smaller than the potential increase rate of the negative electrode (12) immediately before the completion of full discharging.

The present technology relates to a sulfur-containing polymer or organic compound for use in a positive electrode material, especially in lithium batteries. More specifically, the use of this sulfur-containing polymer or compound as an active electrode material makes it possible to combine sulfur and an active organic cathode material. The present technology also relates to the use of the sulfur-containing polymer or organic compound as defined herein as a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) or as an additive for electrolyte, especially in lithium batteries.

Devices that convert heat into electricity, and methods for a fabrication of the same are provided. The asymmetric thermo-electrochemical capacitor uses a GO-based positive electrode and a battery-type negative electrode to open up the operating voltage window and enhance the electrical discharge capacity for converting low-grade heat into electricity with excellent efficiency, fast thermo-charging time, and stable cycles. The thermo-electrochemical device includes a carbon-based positive electrode, a conductive polymer or a metal-organic framework as negative electrode, a current collector, and a porous separator.

An electrolytic solution for an electrochemical device, including: a cation (C) that is a monovalent to trivalent metal ion; an anion (A); a solvent (SO) that is a compound having a molecular weight of 1,000 or less; and a polymer (P) that has a weight-average molecular weight of more than 10,000, wherein a content ratio of the solvent (SO) relative to 1 mol of the cation (C) is 0.5 to 4 mol, and a content ratio of the polymer (P) is 0.5% by weight or more. Also provided are a plastic composition, an electrode sheet, an insulating layer, and an electrochemical device including the electrolytic solution, as well as producing methods of these.

Inorganic-based lithium mixed electrode materials have a low charge transfer rate and thus have poor fast charging or discharging characteristics. Positive electrode active materials include LCO (lithium cobalt oxide, LiCoO.sub.2), NCM (nickel cobalt manganese, Li(NiCoMn)O.sub.2), NCA(nickel cobalt aluminum, Li(NiCoAl)O.sub.2), LMO(lithium manganese oxide, LiMn.sub.2O.sub.4), LFP(Lithium iron phosphate, LiFePO.sub.4), etc. High nickel technology is attracting attention because if nickel is used a lot, the capacity of lithium ions can be increased. However, as the content of nickel increases, the reactivity increases, resulting in a risk of explosion of the battery and deterioration in cycle life characteristics. As the negative active material, carbon, transition metal oxide, nickel metal, silicon-nickel alloy, and the like may be used. As the carbon, natural graphite, artificial graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, etc. can be used. As the transition metal oxide, C.sub.o3O.sub.4, CoO, FeO, NiO, and the like can be used.

The present invention adds a polymer additive containing free radicals in the molecular structure to the electrode to solve the problems of the existing secondary battery. The polymer additive contains free radicals and undergoes an oxidation-reduction reaction through ionic interactions. When this polymer additive is included in the electrode, the fast charging and fast discharging characteristics are improved, and the stability of the electrode is improved. When the stability of the electrode is improved, the cycle life characteristics of the electrode are improved. Because the polymer additive participates in the electrochemical reaction, it increases the practical capacity of nickel. When dissolved in a solvent, the polymer additive can increase the viscosity and act as a binder.

Provided is a positive electrode material that allows reducing the low-temperature resistance of a secondary battery. The positive electrode material of a secondary battery includes positive electrode active material particles each having a void in the interior, and a compound (A) that is present at least within the void. The average diameter of the void is not less than 0.01 μm and not more than 1 μm. The compound (A) is a nitrile group-containing polymer, and the proportion of nitrogen atoms, relative to metal atoms included in the positive electrode active material particles, other than lithium, is not less than 1 atom % and not more than 10 atom %; alternatively, the compound (A) is an alkoxysilane compound, and then the proportion of silicon atoms, relative to metal atoms included in the positive electrode active material particles, other than lithium, is not less than 1 atom % and not more than 10 atom %.

A lithiated carbon phosphonitride material is made by, for example, reacting P(CN).sub.3 with LiN(CN).sub.2 in solution (for example, dimethoxyethane or pyridine), then drying the solution to obtain the product. The material is a thermoset that is stable to over 400° C. and exhibits up to 10.sup.−3 S.Math.cm2 of Li.sup.+ conductivity.

The present disclosure relates to the manufacture and use of redox electrodes and their use in cell lysis. In certain embodiments, the redox electrodes are manufactured using a hybrid material approach, such as using a redox polymer in combination with a support substrate, such as cellulose fibers or paper. In certain implementations, the redox electrodes are suitable for use at voltages greater than 25 Volts.

The present invention provides a solvent-free process for producing foil with a functional coating containing an active material and a meltable polymer, the foil with a functional coating and its use as an electrode foil, electrolyte in solid-state batteries or separator for electrochemical storage. The process comprises scattering a dry powder mixture onto a foil, melting the dry powder mixture, and calendering the foil covered with the molten powder.