Provided is particulate of an anode active material for a lithium battery, comprising one or a plurality of anode active material particles being embraced or encapsulated by a thin layer of a high-elasticity polymer having a recoverable tensile strain no less than 5%, a lithium ion conductivity no less than 10.sup.−6 S/cm at room temperature, and a thickness from 0.5 nm to 10 μm, wherein the polymer contains an ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMW) polymer having a molecular weight from 0.5×10.sup.6 to 9×10.sup.6 grams/mole. The UHMW polymer is preferably selected from polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(methyl ether acrylate), a copolymer thereof, a sulfonated derivative thereof, a chemical derivative thereof, or a combination thereof.

Batteries, methods for recycling batteries, and methods of forming one or more electrodes for batteries are disclosed. The battery includes at least one of (i) a cathode including a nickel-rich material and a first sub-nanoscale metal oxide coating on the nickel-rich material; and (ii) an anode including an anode material and a second sub-nanoscale metal oxide coating disposed on the anode material.

Crosslinked polymers and related compositions and related compositions, electrochemical cells, batteries, methods and systems are described. The crosslinked polymers have at least one redox active monomeric moiety having a redox potential of 0.5 V to 3.0 V with reference to Li/Li.sup.+ electrode potential under standard conditions or −2.54 V to −0.04 V vs. SHE and has a carbocyclic structure and at least one carbonyl group or a carboxyl group on the carbocyclic structure. The crosslinked polymers also include at least one comonomeric moiety with at least one of the at least one redox active monomeric moiety and/or the at least one comonomeric moiety has a denticity of three to six corresponding to a three to six connected network polymer, and provide stable, high capacity organic electrode materials.

Provided is a separator for a non-aqueous secondary battery containing a porous substrate; and a heat-resistant porous layer that is provided on one side or on both sides of the porous substrate, and that contains a polyvinylidene fluoride type resin A that is a polyvinylidene fluoride type resin containing a tetrafluoroethylene unit; a polyvinylidene fluoride type resin B that is a polyvinylidene fluoride type resin other than the polyvinylidene fluoride type resin A; and a filler, in which an average primary particle diameter of the filler contained in the heat-resistant porous layer is from 0.01 μm to 1.0 μm.

An electrode for a lithium secondary battery, which may be applied to the lithium secondary battery to increase cycling performance and efficiency of the battery, and a manufacturing method thereof. When the electrode for the lithium secondary battery of the present invention is applied to the lithium secondary battery, uniform deposition and stripping of lithium metals occur throughout the surface of the electrode when charging/discharging the battery, thereby inhibiting uneven growth of lithium dendrites and improving cycle and efficiency characteristics of the battery. Further, the electrode for the lithium secondary battery of the present invention exhibits remarkably high flexibility, as compared with existing electrodes including a metal current collector and an active material layer, thereby improving processability during manufacture of the electrode and assembling the battery.

This application provides a positive electrode plate and an electrochemical apparatus containing such positive electrode plate. The positive electrode plate includes a positive electrode current collector, a positive electrode active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector, and a safety layer disposed between the positive electrode active material layer and the positive electrode current collector. The safety layer includes a binding substance, a conductive substance, and a special sensitive substance. Each molecule of the special sensitive substance includes monosaccharide structural units, and carbonate groups and/or phosphate groups; and at least part of the carbonate groups and/or phosphate groups are bonded to two or more of the monosaccharide structural units. The electrochemical apparatus prepared by using the positive electrode plate of this application has significantly improved safety and electrical performance (such as cycling performance).

A printable lithium composition is provided. The printable lithium composition includes lithium metal powder; a polymer binder, wherein the polymer binder is compatible with the lithium powder; and a rheology modifier, wherein the rheology modifier is compatible with the lithium powder and the polymer binder. The printable lithium composition may further include a solvent compatible with the lithium powder and with the polymer binder.

A main object of the present invention is to provide an anode current collector that is capable of inhibiting the reaction with liquid electrolyte. The present invention achieves the object by providing an anode current collector to be used for a fluoride ion battery; and the anode current collector being a simple substance of Fe, Mg, or Ti, or an alloy containing one or more of these metal elements.

Methods, systems, and compositions for the solution-phase deposition of thin films that form artificial SEIs on conversion anodes in lithium-ion batteries. In certain aspects, the solution-phase deposition methods comprise sequentially processing a lithium-ion conversion anode with multiple liquid reagents to form a monolayer or stacks of monolayers forming the thin film coating. The conversion anodes produced by the methods and systems described herein have a surface coating that is electrically insulating, consumes little to no lithium, is permeable to lithium transport, is impermeable to electrolyte and is mechanically robust against volumetric expansion.

Provided are battery electrode structures that maintain high mass loadings (i.e., large amounts per unit area) of high capacity active materials in the electrodes without deteriorating their cycling performance. These mass loading levels correspond to capacities per electrode unit area that are suitable for commercial electrodes even though the active materials are kept thin and generally below their fracture limits. A battery electrode structure may include multiple template layers. An initial template layer may include nanostructures attached to a substrate and have a controlled density. This initial layer may be formed using a controlled thickness source material layer provided, for example, on a substantially inert substrate. Additional one or more template layers are then formed over the initial layer resulting in a multilayer template structure with specific characteristics, such as a surface area, thickness, and porosity. The multilayer template structure is then coated with a high capacity active material.