An anode for an energy storage device includes a current collector having an electrically conductive layer and a surface layer disposed over the electrically conductive layer. The surface layer may include a first surface sublayer proximate the electrically conductive layer and a second surface sublayer disposed over the first surface sublayer. The first surface sublayer may include zinc. The second surface sublayer may include a metal-oxygen compound, wherein the metal-oxygen compound includes a transition metal other than zinc. The current collector may be characterized by a surface roughness R.sub.a ≥ 250 nm. The anode further includes a continuous porous lithium storage layer overlaying the surface layer. The continuous porous lithium storage layer may have an average thickness of at least 7 .Math.m, may include at least 40 atomic % silicon, germanium, or a combination thereof, and may be substantially free of carbon-based binders.

A negative electrode for all-solid-state battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same are provided. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector formed of an electrically conductive metal material, a coating layer formed on one surface or opposite surfaces of the negative electrode current collector, the coating layer including a lithiophilic material, and an ion transport layer formed on the coating layer, the ion transport layer including amorphous carbon configured to allow lithium ions to move therethrough.

An anode for a lithium-based energy storage device such as a lithium-ion battery is disclosed. The anode includes an electrically conductive current collector comprising an electrically conductive layer and a transition metal oxide layer overlaying the electrically conductive layer. The anode may include a continuous porous lithium storage layer provided over the transition metal oxide layer. The continuous porous lithium storage layer may include at least 80 atomic % silicon. A method of making the anode may include providing an electrically conductive current collector having an electrically conductive layer and a transition metal oxide layer provided over the electrically conductive layer. A continuous porous lithium storage layer is deposited over the transition metal oxide layer by PECVD. The continuous porous lithium storage layer has a total content of silicon of at least 80 atomic %.

Particular embodiments described herein provide for a privacy cover in an electronic device. The battery system can be configured to monitoring one or more condition of a battery using a battery electrolyte controller that is separate from the battery, adjusting one or more properties of an electrolyte in an electrolyte conduit, where the electrolyte conduit is coupled to an inlet and an outlet on the battery, and activating a pump to move the electrolyte with the adjusted one or more properties into the battery.

An electrochemical cell is provided which includes a cathode, an anode, an electrolyte separator, and an anode current collector located on the anode. The anode is a three-dimensional (3D) porous anode including ionically conducting electrolyte strands and pores which extend through the anode from the anode current collector to the electrolyte separator. The anode also includes electronically conducting networks extending on sidewall surfaces of the pores from the anode current collector to the electrolyte separator.

A positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery, containing at least Li, Ni, and an element X, containing particles including a coating on a surface of a lithium metal composite oxide, in which the coating contains the element X, the element X is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, Nb, Zr, P, B, Mg, Ba, Si, Sn, and W, and a formula (1) and a formula (2) are satisfied.

0.20≤X.sub.at/Li.sub.at  (1)

σX≤13.0  (2)

An electrochemical cell is provided, which includes a cathode comprising a three dimensional (3D) porous cathode structure, an anode, an electrolyte separator, comprised of a ceramic material, located between the cathode and the anode, and a cathode current collector, wherein the cathode is located between the cathode current collector and the electrolyte separator. The 3D porous cathode structure includes ionically conducting electrolyte strands extending through the cathode from the cathode current collector to the electrolyte separator, pores extending through the cathode from the cathode current collector to the electrolyte separator, and an electronically conducting network extending on sidewall surfaces of the pores from the cathode current collector to the electrolyte separator.

The present invention relates to a composition for the production of a graphite powder, suitable for making high performance lithium-ion battery anodes and other applications. The composition of matter comprises a biochar, a metal and graphite. The biochar is typically derived from the pyrolysis of woody biomass. The metal is typically a transition metal derived from the decomposition and reduction of an organic or inorganic metallic compound. The graphite is highly crystalline and has a wide range of morphologies or structures.

The present invention relates to a composition for the production of a graphite powder, suitable for making high performance lithium-ion battery anodes and other applications. The composition of matter comprises a biochar, a metal and graphite. The biochar is typically derived from the pyrolysis of woody biomass. The metal is typically a transition metal derived from the decomposition and reduction of an organic or inorganic metallic compound. The graphite is highly crystalline and has a wide range of morphologies or structures.

The present disclosure provides batteries that have a reduced risk or no risk of esophageal or gastrointestinal damage in a conductive aqueous environment, such as when accidentally swallowed. The batteries are, in some embodiments, nominally 9V, 3V or 1.5V coin or button cell-type batteries.