The present invention provides a chromium-containing steel sheet for a current collector of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery which has excellent corrosion resistance in a battery environment and, when used as a current collector of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, which enables the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery to have excellent cycle characteristics.

A chromium-containing steel sheet for a current collector of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a chemical composition containing 10% by mass or more of Cr. The chromium-containing steel sheet has an irregular structure including recesses and protrusions at a surface thereof. The average height of the protrusions is 20 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and the average spacing between the protrusions is 20 nm or more and 300 nm or less.

A ferritic stainless steel sheet for collectors of sulfide-based solid-state batteries has excellent sulfurization resistance. This ferritic stainless steel sheet has a component composition which contains, in mass %, from 0.001% to 0.050% of C, from 0.01% to 2.00% of Si, from 0.01% to 1.00% of Mn, 0.050% or less of P, 0.010% or less of S, from 18.00% to 32.00% of Cr, from 0.01% to 4.00% of Ni, from 0.001% to 0.150% of Al and 0.050% or less of N, with the balance being made up of Fe and unavoidable impurities.

The present invention provides: a composition with which the surface of a stainless steel is sufficiently roughened in an efficient manner with few steps; a method for roughening a stainless steel; and the like. The above are achieved by means of a composition for roughening the surface of a stainless steel, said composition containing from 0.1% by mass to 25% by mass of one or more substances that are selected from the group consisting of persulfuric acid and persulfuric acid salts based on the total amount of the composition, and from 1% by mass to 30% by mass of halide ions based on the total amount of the composition.

An electrochemical device including a bipolar current collector. The bipolar current collector is hermetically connected to an outer package. Cavities independent of each other are formed on two opposite sides of the bipolar current collector. Each cavity contains an electrode assembly and an electrolytic solution. An electrode active material is disposed on at least one surface of the bipolar current collector. Adjacent electrode assemblies are connected in series. The electrochemical device according to this application not only improves the safety of the electrochemical device, but the electrode active material on the surface of the bipolar current collector also participates in a reaction process in the electrochemical device, so that the electrochemical device achieves both a high-voltage output and a relatively high energy density.

This foil for a secondary battery negative electrode collector (negative electrode-collecting foil 5b) includes a first Cu layer (51) made of Cu or a Cu-based alloy, a stainless steel layer (52), and a second Cu layer (53) made of Cu or a Cu-based alloy, which are disposed in this order, a total thickness is 200 μm or less, and 0.01% proof stress is 500 MPa or more.

A green secondary electrode includes a conductive substrate, active material and material additives in direct contact with the conductive substrate, and a combination of vinyl acetate-ethylene and methylcellulose-based additive binding the conductive substrate, active materials, and material additives together. The green secondary electrode may be a positive electrode or a negative electrode.

Embodiments of secondary batteries having electrode assemblies are provided. A secondary battery can comprise an electrode assembly having a stacked series of layers, the stacked series of layers having an offset between electrode and counter-electrode layers in a unit cell member of the stacked series. A set of constraints can be provided with a primary constraint system with first and second primary growth constraints separated from each other in a longitudinal direction, and connected by at least one primary connecting member, and a secondary constraint system comprises first and second secondary growth constraints separated in a second direction and connected by members of the stacked series of layers. The primary constraint system may at least partially restrain growth of the electrode assembly in the longitudinal direction, and the secondary constraint system may at least partially restrain growth in the second direction that is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction.

Secondary batteries and methods of manufacture thereof are provided. A secondary battery can comprise an offset between electrode and counter-electrode layers in a unit cell. Secondary batteries can be prepared by removing a population of negative electrode subunits from a negative electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet comprising a negative electrode sheet edge margin and at least one negative electrode sheet weakened region that is internal to the negative electrode sheet edge margin, removing a population of separator layer subunits from a separator sheet, and removing a population of positive electrode subunits from a positive electrode sheet, the positive electrode sheet comprising a positive electrode edge margin and at least one positive electrode sheet weakened region that is internal to the positive electrode sheet edge margin, and stacking members of the negative electrode subunit population, the separator layer subunit population and the positive electrode subunit population.

A sulfur electrode and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The method for manufacturing the sulfur electrode includes: growing carbon fibers on a surface of stainless steel; connecting the stainless steel on which the carbon fibers are grown to a cathode of a current controller in an aqueous solution in which sulfur ions are dissolved; and forming a sulfur thin film on each of surfaces of the carbon fibers grown on the surface of the stainless steel and in each of spaces between the carbon fibers by controlling a current of the current controller.

An anode for a lithium-based energy storage device such as a lithium-ion battery is disclosed. The anode includes an electrically conductive current collector comprising an electrically conductive layer and a transition metal oxide layer overlaying the electrically conductive layer. The anode may include a continuous porous lithium storage layer provided over the transition metal oxide layer. The continuous porous lithium storage layer may include at least 40 atomic % silicon. A method of making the anode may include providing an electrically conductive current collector having an electrically conductive layer and a transition metal oxide layer provided over the electrically conductive layer. The transition metal oxide layer may have an average thickness of at least 0.05 μm. A continuous porous lithium storage layer is deposited over the transition metal oxide layer by PECVD.