A lead foil and a bipolar lead acid storage battery capable of preventing breakage of the lead foil due to growth deformation are described. The lead foil is for a current collector in a bipolar lead acid storage battery, in which at least one of a front surface or a back face has a maximum valley depth Rv of 4 m or less in a profile curve acquired, orthogonally to a rolling direction, by surface roughness measurement with a stylus.

A lead foil and a bipolar lead acid storage battery capable of preventing breakage of the lead foil due to growth deformation are described. The lead foil is for a current collector in a bipolar lead acid storage battery, in which at least one of a front surface or a back face has a maximum valley depth Rv of 4 m or less in a profile curve acquired, orthogonally to a rolling direction, by surface roughness measurement with a stylus.

A lead foil and a bipolar lead acid storage battery capable of suppressing a voltage drop in the battery due to peeling of the lead foil from a substrate are described. The lead foil is for a current collector in a bipolar lead acid storage battery. A back face of the lead foil opposed to a substrate of the bipolar lead acid storage battery has a contact length of between 150 m and 1800 m, inclusive, in a profile curve acquired, orthogonally to a rolling direction, by surface roughness measurement with a stylus, and with a scanning distance of 4 mm and a measurement interval of 0.5 m, the contact length is a sum total of respective absolute values of differences in height between adjacent measurement points.

A lead foil and a bipolar lead acid storage battery capable of suppressing a voltage drop in the battery due to peeling of the lead foil from a substrate are described. The lead foil is for a current collector in a bipolar lead acid storage battery. A back face of the lead foil opposed to a substrate of the bipolar lead acid storage battery has a contact length of between 150 m and 1800 m, inclusive, in a profile curve acquired, orthogonally to a rolling direction, by surface roughness measurement with a stylus, and with a scanning distance of 4 mm and a measurement interval of 0.5 m, the contact length is a sum total of respective absolute values of differences in height between adjacent measurement points.

A lead acid battery is provided. The battery includes a container and a plurality of electrochemical cells within the container. The electrochemical cells have a plurality of flat positive plates each composed of a grid formed of virgin lead or high purity lead or highly purified secondary lead and a positive battery paste disposed on the grid, the battery paste comprising a lead-containing composition, a positive plate paste vehicle, and a polyvinylsulfonate additive. The electrochemical cells also have a plurality of flat negative plates each composed of a grid and a negative battery paste disposed on the grid, the battery paste comprising a lead-containing composition and a negative plate paste vehicle. An absorbent glass mat is interleaved between the flat positive plate and the flat negative plate. An electrolyte is provided in the container and retained in the absorbent glass mat. The electrolyte includes phosphoric acid. The plurality of flat positive plates and the plurality of flat negative plates are connected by intercell connectors and coupled to one or more terminals. A lid is provided on the container.

A lead acid battery is provided. The battery includes a container and a plurality of electrochemical cells within the container. The electrochemical cells have a plurality of flat positive plates each composed of a grid formed of virgin lead or high purity lead or highly purified secondary lead and a positive battery paste disposed on the grid, the battery paste comprising a lead-containing composition, a positive plate paste vehicle, and a polyvinylsulfonate additive. The electrochemical cells also have a plurality of flat negative plates each composed of a grid and a negative battery paste disposed on the grid, the battery paste comprising a lead-containing composition and a negative plate paste vehicle. An absorbent glass mat is interleaved between the flat positive plate and the flat negative plate. An electrolyte is provided in the container and retained in the absorbent glass mat. The electrolyte includes phosphoric acid. The plurality of flat positive plates and the plurality of flat negative plates are connected by intercell connectors and coupled to one or more terminals. A lid is provided on the container.

A surface coating for application to the surface of lead-grids for lead-acid batteries includes a resin and a carbon material of graphene, graphene nanoplatelets, or a combination thereof, wherein the surface coating is configured to be applied to either electrode of the lead-acid battery. The surface coating providing both a protective coating to prevent corrosion of either or both of the positive and/or negative lead grids and a flexible buffer coating to reduce delamination at the interface of either or both of the positive and/or negative lead grids and the active paste.

An electrical storage device includes high surface area fibers (e.g., shaped fibers and/or microfibers) coated with carbon (graphite, expanded graphite, activated carbon, carbon black, carbon nanofibers, CNT, or graphite coated CNT), electrolyte, and/or electrode active material (e.g., lead oxide) in electrodes. The electrodes are used to form electrical storage devices such as electrochemical batteries, electrochemical double layer capacitors, and asymmetrical capacitors.

An electrical storage device includes high surface area fibers (e.g., shaped fibers and/or microfibers) coated with carbon (graphite, expanded graphite, activated carbon, carbon black, carbon nanofibers, CNT, or graphite coated CNT), electrolyte, and/or electrode active material (e.g., lead oxide) in electrodes. The electrodes are used to form electrical storage devices such as electrochemical batteries, electrochemical double layer capacitors, and asymmetrical capacitors.

The invention relates to a grid arrangement for a plate-shaped battery electrode of an electrochemical accumulator comprising a frame and a grid arranged thereon, wherein the frame comprises at least one upper frame element having a connecting lug of the battery electrode disposed on its side facing away from the grid, wherein the grid comprises grid bars respectively surrounding cutouts of the grid, wherein the majority of the grid bars surrounding the cutouts are respectively disposed in a hexagonal arrangement such that the cutout situated in between forms a hexagon, characterized by one, some or all of the following a), b), c), d), e) features): a) the grid arrangement is coated with a pasty active mass on which liquid-absorbing material designed to absorb liquid electrolyte of the accumulator is disposed, b) the size of the hexagonal cutouts increases toward the upper frame element, c) the grid bars of all the hexagonal cutouts have the same width or the same cross-sectional area, d) none of the grid bars of the hexagonal cutouts run horizontal or parallel to the upper frame element, e) none of the grid bars of the hexagonal cutouts run vertical or perpendicular to the upper frame element. The invention further relates to an accumulator.