A lead-acid battery grid made from a lead-based alloy containing tin, calcium, bismuth and copper and characterized by enhanced mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, less battery gassing, lower sulfation and water loss, and no post-casting treatment requirements for age hardening. In one embodiment, the battery grids are formed from a lead-based alloy including about 2.0% tin, about 0.0125% copper, about 0.065% calcium, and about 0.032% bismuth. Preferably, the battery grid is free of silver beyond trace levels in the alloy.

An object of the present invention is to provide a dispersant for a resin current collector which can uniformly disperse a conductive filler to attain sufficient charge and discharge characteristics without impairing the output power per unit weight of a battery. The present invention provides a dispersant for a resin current collector comprising a polymer having a resin-philic block (A1) and a conductive filler-philic block (A2).

A surface coating for the surface of lead-grids for lead-acid batteries wherein the coating comprises a resin, a material selected from the group consisting of i. graphene and ii. graphene nanoplatelets.

A surface coating for the surface of lead-grids for lead-acid batteries wherein the coating comprises a resin, a material selected from the group consisting of i. graphene and ii. graphene nanoplatelets.

Apparatus and techniques are described herein for providing a plate such as can be included as a portion of a hybrid energy storage device assembly. A hybrid device can include capacitor and battery structures, such as can include a sealed stack of hybrid bipolar plates comprising silicon wafers.

Apparatus and techniques are described herein for providing a plate such as can be included as a portion of a hybrid energy storage device assembly. A hybrid device can include capacitor and battery structures, such as can include a sealed stack of hybrid bipolar plates comprising silicon wafers.

A method of making battery plates of pure lead battery grids for lead-acid battery manufacture is presented. The method has been shown to resolve issues that have long-persisted in the battery manufacture industry involving the use of pure lead material for battery grids. According to an implementation, several processes are performed in succession in order to make pure lead battery grids feasible in commercial and mass production, among them: a continuous casting process to produce battery grids of pure lead material, a compression rolling process of the cast pure lead battery grids, and a battery paste application process to the cast and rolled pure lead battery grids. The pure lead material of the continuous strip of pure lead battery grids can consist of lead (Pb) material in an amount that ranges approximately between 99.85 percent (%) to 99.999% of the overall constituent elements of the pure lead material.

A method of making battery plates of pure lead battery grids for lead-acid battery manufacture is presented. The method has been shown to resolve issues that have long-persisted in the battery manufacture industry involving the use of pure lead material for battery grids. According to an implementation, several processes are performed in succession in order to make pure lead battery grids feasible in commercial and mass production, among them: a continuous casting process to produce battery grids of pure lead material, a compression rolling process of the cast pure lead battery grids, and a battery paste application process to the cast and rolled pure lead battery grids. The pure lead material of the continuous strip of pure lead battery grids can consist of lead (Pb) material in an amount that ranges approximately between 99.85 percent (%) to 99.999% of the overall constituent elements of the pure lead material.

A positive electrode lead paste for a long-life silicon-based bipolar lead battery and a preparation method thereof are disclosed. The positive electrode lead paste includes a lead powder, a short fiber, a graphite powder, SnSO.sub.4, Ti.sub.4O.sub.7, Sb.sub.2O.sub.3, 4PbO.Math.PbSO.sub.4, sodium perborate, dilute sulfuric acid, and deionized water. The preparation method includes S1, adding a graphite powder, 4PbO.Math.PbSO.sub.4, SnSO.sub.4, Ti.sub.4O.sub.7, Sb.sub.2O.sub.3, sodium perborate, and a short fiber to a lead powder, and dry-stirring for 5 min until the above materials are evenly mixed to obtain a premixture 1; S2, rapidly adding deionized water to the premixture 1, and thoroughly stirring for 10 min to obtain a premixture 2; and S3, slowly adding dilute sulfuric acid to the premixture 2 within 10 min, where a temperature of a resulting mixture is 70? C., and stirring the resulting mixture for 10 min; and cooling to 50? C., and controlling the apparent density at 4.45?0.1 g/cm.sup.3.

A valve regulated lead-acid battery includes a positive electrode current collector which is a punched current collector obtained by punching a rolled sheet of lead alloy and in which the average interlayer distance in a layered current collector structure at a cross-section parallel to the rolling direction and along the thickness direction of the current collector is not less than 25 m and not more than 180 m.