Disclosed are electrode plates for a lead acid battery. The electrode plates are formed of an electrode plate having a face, the electrode plate comprising a lead or lead alloy grid coated with an active material and the electrode plates having a porous, non-woven mat comprised of polymer fibers coating on the face of the electrode plate, as well as a method for making the coated electrode plates and lead acid batteries containing the coated electrode plates.

A lead-acid battery includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, an electrolyte solution, and a polymer compound, in which the positive electrode plate includes a positive current collector and a positive electrode material, the negative electrode plate includes a negative current collector and a negative electrode material, the Ca content of the positive current collector is 0.13% by mass or less, and the polymer compound has a peak in a range of 3.2 ppm or more and 3.8 ppm or less in a chemical shift of .sup.1H-NMR spectrum, or the polymer compound contains a repeating structure of oxy C.sub.2-4 alkylene units.

A lead-acid battery includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, an electrolyte solution, and a polymer compound, in which the positive electrode plate includes a positive current collector and a positive electrode material, the negative electrode plate includes a negative current collector and a negative electrode material, the Ca content of the positive current collector is 0.13% by mass or less, and the polymer compound has a peak in a range of 3.2 ppm or more and 3.8 ppm or less in a chemical shift of .sup.1H-NMR spectrum, or the polymer compound contains a repeating structure of oxy C.sub.2-4 alkylene units.

Particular embodiments described herein provide for an electrode for a battery. The electrode including a current collector frame and an electrode substrate coupled to the current collector frame. An electrically conductive adhesive layer can be between the current collector frame and the electrode substrate and the electrically conductive adhesive layer can include a polymer binder and a conductive filler. The electrode substrate includes a porous material and active electrode material within the porous material. The porous material is copper foam, nickel foam, stainless steel foam, titanium foam, carbon felt, carbon cloth, or a carbon paper conductive polymer. The active electrode material includes one or more of manganese oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, zinc metal, lead oxide, or lead.

Embodiments of the invention provide batteries, electrodes, and methods of making the same. According to one embodiment, a battery may include a positive plate having a grid pasted with a lead oxide material, a negative plate having a grid pasted with a lead based material, a separator separating the positive plate and the negative plate, and an electrolyte. A nonwoven glass mat may be in contact with a surface of either or both the positive plate or the negative plate to reinforce the plate. The nonwoven glass mat may include a plurality of first coarse fibers having fiber diameters between about 6 μm and 11 μm and a plurality of second coarse fibers having fiber diameters between about 10 μm and 20 μm.

A lead alloy is described that is capable of manufacturing a positive electrode for a lead storage battery with a reduced likelihood of causing growth. The lead alloy contains 0.4% by mass or more and 2% by mass or less of tin and 0.004% by mass or less of bismuth, with the balance being lead and inevitable impurities. The diffraction intensity of a Cube orientation {001} <100> in a pole figure created by analyzing the surface of the lead alloy by an X-ray diffraction method is 4 times or less the diffraction intensity of a random orientation in a pole figure created by analyzing a pure lead powder by the X-ray diffraction method.

A lead alloy is described that is capable of manufacturing a positive electrode for a lead storage battery with a reduced likelihood of causing growth. The lead alloy contains 0.4% by mass or more and 2% by mass or less of tin and 0.004% by mass or less of bismuth, with the balance being lead and inevitable impurities. The diffraction intensity of a Cube orientation {001} <100> in a pole figure created by analyzing the surface of the lead alloy by an X-ray diffraction method is 4 times or less the diffraction intensity of a random orientation in a pole figure created by analyzing a pure lead powder by the X-ray diffraction method.

A static battery with a non-conductive elastomeric or thermoplastic housing. The, battery housing is adapted to receive at least one anode assembly, at least one cathode assembly, and at least one bipolar electrode assembly. At least the bipolar electrode assembly is formed from a conductive plastic resin that is formed as a CPE sheet. A carbon material is affixed to the CPE sheet to form the bipolar electrode. The at least one cathode assembly, the at least one anode assembly and the at least one bipolar electrode assembly are received into the battery box such that a liquid, and/or gas seal is formed, between electrode assemblies. The battery housing has slots into which the electrode assemblies are received. When the electrode assemblies are received into the housing, cells are formed by the cooperation of the electrode assemblies and the battery housing. The cells are then filled with electrolyte such as zinc bromide and a lid is placed on the battery box. Once sealed the battery box is a liquid tight container for the battery.

Compositions of discrete carbon nanotubes for improved performance lead acid batteries. Further disclosed is a method to form a lead-acid battery with discrete carbon nanotubes.

Compositions of discrete carbon nanotubes for improved performance lead acid batteries. Further disclosed is a method to form a lead-acid battery with discrete carbon nanotubes.