An electrolyte composition and a metal-ion battery employing the same are provided. The electrolyte composition includes a metal chloride, an imidazolium salt of Formula (I), an alkali halide, and an oxalate-containing borate

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently C.sub.1-8 alkyl, C.sub.2-8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-8 alkynyl, C.sub.1-8 alkoxy, C.sub.2-8 alkoxyalkyl, or C.sub.1-8 fluoroalkyl; and X.sup. is F.sup., Cl.sup., Br.sup., or I.sup.. The metal chloride is aluminum chloride, iron chloride, zinc chloride, copper chloride, manganese chloride, chromium chloride, or a combination thereof.

A technique facilitates evaluation of a fluid, such as a fluid produced from a well. The technique utilizes a modular and mobile system for testing flows of fluid which may comprise mixtures of constituents, and for sampling fluids thereof. The multiphase sampling method includes flowing a multiphase fluid comprising an oil phase and a water phase through a first conduit, the oil phase and water phase at least partially separating in the first conduit, mixing together the oil phase and water phase to form a mixed bulk liquid phase by flowing the multiphase fluid through a flow mixer toward a second conduit downstream the flow mixer, sampling a portion of the mixed bulk liquid phase at location at or within the second conduit, wherein the sampled portion of the mixed bulk liquid phase has a water-to-liquid ratio (WLR) representative of the pre-mixed oil phase and water phase.

A scaffold includes struts that intersect at nodes. In some instances, a cross section of the cores has at least one dimension less than 100 microns. The core can be a solid, liquid or a gas. In some instances, one or more shell layers are positioned on the core.

A scaffold includes struts that intersect at nodes. In some instances, a cross section of the cores has at least one dimension less than 100 microns. The core can be a solid, liquid or a gas. In some instances, one or more shell layers are positioned on the core.

A secondary battery includes a honeycomb first electrode, a fluid second electrode, and a solid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte has ionic conductivity and insulates the honeycomb first electrode from the fluid second electrode. The honeycomb structure of the secondary battery is open-ended and allows for the free flow of the fluid second electrode.

A secondary battery includes a honeycomb first electrode, a fluid second electrode, and a solid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte has ionic conductivity and insulates the honeycomb first electrode from the fluid second electrode. The honeycomb structure of the secondary battery is open-ended and allows for the free flow of the fluid second electrode.

An electrode includes a current collector having metallic struts formed by freeze tape casting along a cast direction, and an electrochemically active material occupying portions of the void spaces. The struts define a percolated conductive network and void spaces through the percolated conductive network. The struts are directionally aligned and the void spaces are directionally ordered perpendicular to the cast direction.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a lithium-sulfur battery cathode by using a fabric material, comprising the steps of: carbonizing a fabric material through heat treatment to manufacture a conductive support; electroplating a conductive metal material on the conductive support; loading, on the electroplated conductive support, a slurry comprising a sulfur polymer and a first carbon material replaced with a first functional group capable of hydrogen bonding to the sulfur polymer; and forming a capping layer by loading, on the conductive support, a second carbon material replaced with a second functional group capable of layer-by-layer self-assembling with the first carbon material.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a lithium-sulfur battery cathode by using a fabric material, comprising the steps of: carbonizing a fabric material through heat treatment to manufacture a conductive support; electroplating a conductive metal material on the conductive support; loading, on the electroplated conductive support, a slurry comprising a sulfur polymer and a first carbon material replaced with a first functional group capable of hydrogen bonding to the sulfur polymer; and forming a capping layer by loading, on the conductive support, a second carbon material replaced with a second functional group capable of layer-by-layer self-assembling with the first carbon material.

Methods for manufacturing intermittently coated dry electrodes for energy storage devices and energy storage devices including the intermittently coated dry electrodes are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a metal layer and providing an electrochemically active free-standing film formed of a dry active material. The method also includes combining the electrochemically active free-standing film and the metal layer to form a combined layer. The method further includes removing a portion of the electrochemically active free-standing film from the combined layer so that the electrochemically active free-standing film is intermittently formed on the metal layer in a longitudinal direction of the metal layer.