A lithium-ion cell includes a housing comprising a metallic tubular housing part made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy with a terminal circular opening. The cell further includes a contact element that closes the terminal circular opening of the tubular housing part, the contact element comprising a metal disk, a contact sheet metal member, a metal pole pin and an insulator. In addition, the cell includes an electrode-separator assembly having an anode, a cathode, and a separator with the sequence anode/separator/cathode. The electrode-separator assembly is in the form of a cylindrical winding with two terminal end faces and a winding shell located therebetween. The electrode-separator assembly is disposed in the winding and is axially aligned so that the winding shell abuts an inside of the tubular housing part.

A lithium-ion cell includes a housing comprising a metallic tubular housing part made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy with a terminal circular opening. The cell further includes a contact element that closes the terminal circular opening of the tubular housing part, the contact element comprising a metal disk, a contact sheet metal member, a metal pole pin and an insulator. In addition, the cell includes an electrode-separator assembly having an anode, a cathode, and a separator with the sequence anode/separator/cathode. The electrode-separator assembly is in the form of a cylindrical winding with two terminal end faces and a winding shell located therebetween. The electrode-separator assembly is disposed in the winding and is axially aligned so that the winding shell abuts an inside of the tubular housing part.

A notification determinator determines whether or not an inspection result of a winding body indicates defective on the basis of whether or not continuous positions of a first end surface and a second end surface indicated by first group data and second group data are separated from reference positions by a predetermined distance or more. In a case where the inspection result of the winding body indicates defective, a notification determinator performs a notification that inspection in an inspection machine is not performed normally, and outputs information indicating that a cause of the defect is a take-out chuck of an inspection machine or any of a plurality of winding cores to a display for maintenance.

A notification determinator determines whether or not an inspection result of a winding body indicates defective on the basis of whether or not continuous positions of a first end surface and a second end surface indicated by first group data and second group data are separated from reference positions by a predetermined distance or more. In a case where the inspection result of the winding body indicates defective, a notification determinator performs a notification that inspection in an inspection machine is not performed normally, and outputs information indicating that a cause of the defect is a take-out chuck of an inspection machine or any of a plurality of winding cores to a display for maintenance.

A negative electrode includes a negative electrode protecting layer that is disposed so as to cover a negative electrode active material layer formed on at least one surface of a negative electrode core in a thickness direction and that has higher electrical resistance than the negative electrode active material layer. The negative electrode active material layer includes a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is formed in a region extending from an edge at one end to a boundary 300 μm away from the edge in a width direction. The second surface is positioned closer than the first surface to the other end. Regarding the negative electrode protecting layer, the average value of the first thickness of a first portion covering the first surface is 1.7 or more times larger than the maximum value of the second thickness of a second portion covering the second surface.

A negative electrode includes a negative electrode protecting layer that is disposed so as to cover a negative electrode active material layer formed on at least one surface of a negative electrode core in a thickness direction and that has higher electrical resistance than the negative electrode active material layer. The negative electrode active material layer includes a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is formed in a region extending from an edge at one end to a boundary 300 μm away from the edge in a width direction. The second surface is positioned closer than the first surface to the other end. Regarding the negative electrode protecting layer, the average value of the first thickness of a first portion covering the first surface is 1.7 or more times larger than the maximum value of the second thickness of a second portion covering the second surface.

An anode for an energy storage device includes a current collector having an electrically conductive layer and a surface layer disposed over the electrically conductive layer. The surface layer may include a first surface sublayer proximate the electrically conductive layer and a second surface sublayer disposed over the first surface sublayer. The first surface sublayer may include zinc. The second surface sublayer may include a metal-oxygen compound, wherein the metal-oxygen compound includes a transition metal other than zinc. The current collector may be characterized by a surface roughness R.sub.a ≥ 250 nm. The anode further includes a continuous porous lithium storage layer overlaying the surface layer. The continuous porous lithium storage layer may have an average thickness of at least 7 .Math.m, may include at least 40 atomic % silicon, germanium, or a combination thereof, and may be substantially free of carbon-based binders.

An anode for an energy storage device includes a current collector having an electrically conductive layer and a surface layer disposed over the electrically conductive layer. The surface layer may include a first surface sublayer proximate the electrically conductive layer and a second surface sublayer disposed over the first surface sublayer. The first surface sublayer may include zinc. The second surface sublayer may include a metal-oxygen compound, wherein the metal-oxygen compound includes a transition metal other than zinc. The current collector may be characterized by a surface roughness R.sub.a ≥ 250 nm. The anode further includes a continuous porous lithium storage layer overlaying the surface layer. The continuous porous lithium storage layer may have an average thickness of at least 7 .Math.m, may include at least 40 atomic % silicon, germanium, or a combination thereof, and may be substantially free of carbon-based binders.

Disclosed herein are a flexible textile-based silver electrode and a sweat-activated battery. Also disclosed herein is a method of making the flexible textile-based silver electrode by providing a composite material comprising a flexible textile substrate and a polymeric silver electrode wire, and bringing the composite material into contact with an aqueous solution comprising a non-toxic chloride salt and an organic acid for a period of time, wherein the electrode wire comprising an elastomeric material and silver flakes homogeneously distributed throughout the elastomeric material.

An alkaline electrochemical cell has a central cathode having a corresponding cathode current collector electrically connected with a positive terminal of the electrochemical cell. The cathode current collector has a tubular shape, such as a cylindrical shape or rectangular shape, extending parallel with the length of the central cathode. The cathode current collector is embedded within the central cathode, such as at a medial point of a radius of the central cathode, thereby minimizing the distance between the cathode current collector and any portion of the central cathode, thereby increasing the mechanical strength of the cathode and facilitating charge transfer to the cathode current collector.