Systems and methods of providing an electrolyte membrane for metal batteries are described. According to aspects of the disclosure, a battery cell includes an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane therebetween. The electrolyte membrane is formed from a mixture including a matrix precursor portion and an electrolyte portion. In some aspects, the membrane is polymerized after being applied to the battery component.

Systems and methods of providing an electrolyte membrane for metal batteries are described. According to aspects of the disclosure, a battery cell includes an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane therebetween. The electrolyte membrane is formed from a mixture including a matrix precursor portion and an electrolyte portion. In some aspects, the membrane is polymerized after being applied to the battery component.

A lead-acid battery electrode including a tubular bag. The tubular bag includes a textile fabric, wherein the textile fabric includes a consolidated binder with thermoplastic properties and at least one electrically conductive additive.

A lithium secondary battery includes a wound electrode group and a lithium-ion conductive nonaqueous electrolyte. The wound electrode group includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector. The negative electrode current collector includes: a layer having a first surface facing outward of the winding of the electrode group and a second surface facing inward of the winding of the electrode group; first protrusions protruding from the first surface; and second protrusions protruding from the second surface. Lithium metal is deposited on the first surface and the second surface by charging. A second average height of the second protrusions is higher than a first average height of the first protrusions.

A lithium secondary battery includes a wound electrode group and a lithium-ion conductive nonaqueous electrolyte. The wound electrode group includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector. The negative electrode current collector includes: a layer having a first surface facing outward of the winding of the electrode group and a second surface facing inward of the winding of the electrode group; first protrusions protruding from the first surface; and second protrusions protruding from the second surface. Lithium metal is deposited on the first surface and the second surface by charging. A second average height of the second protrusions is higher than a first average height of the first protrusions.

A method of forming a thin film battery may include forming may include forming a trench in a substrate, depositing a stencil on top surface of the substrate, wherein the stencil is aligned with the trench, depositing a cathode layer in the trench, wherein the cathode layer is in direct contact with the stencil, and compressing the cathode layer into the trench to reduce a thickness of the cathode layer. The compressing the cathode layer into the trench may include applying isostatic pressure onto the cathode layer using a pressure head. The method may also include depositing an electrolyte layer on top of the cathode layer, depositing an anode layer on top of the electrolyte layer, and depositing an anode collector layer on top of the anode layer.

A method of forming a thin film battery may include forming may include forming a trench in a substrate, depositing a stencil on top surface of the substrate, wherein the stencil is aligned with the trench, depositing a cathode layer in the trench, wherein the cathode layer is in direct contact with the stencil, and compressing the cathode layer into the trench to reduce a thickness of the cathode layer. The compressing the cathode layer into the trench may include applying isostatic pressure onto the cathode layer using a pressure head. The method may also include depositing an electrolyte layer on top of the cathode layer, depositing an anode layer on top of the electrolyte layer, and depositing an anode collector layer on top of the anode layer.

A lithium battery and method for fabricating the same are provided herein. The battery cathode comprises a carbon structure filled with a catalyst, such as palladium-catalyst-filled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The carbon structure provides a barrier between the catalyst and the electrolyte providing an increased stability of the electrolyte during both discharging and charging of a battery.

A lithium battery and method for fabricating the same are provided herein. The battery cathode comprises a carbon structure filled with a catalyst, such as palladium-catalyst-filled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The carbon structure provides a barrier between the catalyst and the electrolyte providing an increased stability of the electrolyte during both discharging and charging of a battery.

The present disclosure discloses a porous structure Si/Cu composite electrode of a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof. The composite electrode comprises an active substance, a bulk porous Cu and a current collector, wherein the active substance Si is embedded into the bulk porous Cu, and the bulk porous Cu is in metallurgical bonding with the current collector and plays a dual role of binder and conductive agent, which not only relieves the pulverization and the shedding of the active substance Si particles but also improves electron transmission efficiency; and meanwhile, the porous structure increases the contact area between the active substance Si and electrolyte and increases the reaction efficiency of lithium insertion combination. The method of preparing the composite electrode comprises: with Si, Cu and Al powders as raw materials, preparing a SiCuAl precursor alloy on the Cu current collector by powder metallurgy and diffusion welding technology; and removing Al element in the SiCuAl precursor alloy by using a chemical de-alloying method to obtain a Si/Cu composite electrode with a porous-structure.