A flexible secondary battery includes: a first electrode including a first electrode current collector extended longitudinally, a first electrode active material layer formed on the outside of the first electrode current collector, and a first insulation coating layer formed on the outside of the first electrode active material layer; and a second electrode including a second electrode current collector extended longitudinally, a second electrode active material layer formed on the outside of the second electrode current collector, and a second insulation coating layer formed on the outside of the second electrode active material layer, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are wound in such a manner that they are disposed alternately in contact with each other.

A flexible secondary battery includes: a first electrode including a first electrode current collector extended longitudinally, a first electrode active material layer formed on the outside of the first electrode current collector, and a first insulation coating layer formed on the outside of the first electrode active material layer; and a second electrode including a second electrode current collector extended longitudinally, a second electrode active material layer formed on the outside of the second electrode current collector, and a second insulation coating layer formed on the outside of the second electrode active material layer, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are wound in such a manner that they are disposed alternately in contact with each other.

A battery electrode composition is provided that comprises a composite material comprising one or more nanocomposites. The nanocomposites may each comprise a planar substrate backbone having a curved geometrical structure, and an active material forming a continuous or substantially continuous film at least partially encasing the substrate backbone. To form an electrode from the electrode composition, a plurality of electrically-interconnected nanocomposites of this type may be aggregated into one or more three-dimensional agglomerations, such as substantially spherical or ellipsoidal granules.

A battery electrode composition is provided that comprises a composite material comprising one or more nanocomposites. The nanocomposites may each comprise a planar substrate backbone having a curved geometrical structure, and an active material forming a continuous or substantially continuous film at least partially encasing the substrate backbone. To form an electrode from the electrode composition, a plurality of electrically-interconnected nanocomposites of this type may be aggregated into one or more three-dimensional agglomerations, such as substantially spherical or ellipsoidal granules.

An electrode structure and an all-solid-state secondary battery, the electrode structure includes an anode current collector having first and second surfaces, the first surface including first and second portions, and a middle portion between the first and second portions, the first and second portions being oriented to face outwardly in opposite directions with the middle portion therebetween, and the anode current collector being folded such that the second surface faces inwardly in the anode current collector; first and second anode plate layers on the first surface; first and solid electrolyte layers on outer sides of the first and second anode plate layers; first and second cathode plate layers on outer sides of the first and second solid electrolyte layers; and an elastic sheet inside an interior space of the folded anode current collector.

A battery electrode composition is provided that comprises a composite material comprising one or more nanocomposites. The nanocomposites may each comprise a planar substrate backbone having a curved geometrical structure, and an active material forming a continuous or substantially continuous film at least partially encasing the substrate backbone. To form an electrode from the electrode composition, a plurality of electrically-interconnected nanocomposites of this type may be aggregated into one or more three-dimensional agglomerations, such as substantially spherical or ellipsoidal granules.

A battery electrode composition is provided that comprises a composite material comprising one or more nanocomposites. The nanocomposites may each comprise a planar substrate backbone having a curved geometrical structure, and an active material forming a continuous or substantially continuous film at least partially encasing the substrate backbone. To form an electrode from the electrode composition, a plurality of electrically-interconnected nanocomposites of this type may be aggregated into one or more three-dimensional agglomerations, such as substantially spherical or ellipsoidal granules.

A road embedded battery includes a first encapsulation layer disposed on top of a road grade base. A first conductor mesh is disposed on top of the first encapsulation layer and an anode material is embedded into to first conductor mesh. A permeable membrane is disposed on top of the anode material. A second conductor mesh is disposed on top of the permeable membrane and a cathode material is embedded into the second conductor mesh. A second encapsulation layer is disposed on top of the cathode material.

A road embedded battery includes a first encapsulation layer disposed on top of a road grade base. A first conductor mesh is disposed on top of the first encapsulation layer and an anode material is embedded into to first conductor mesh. A permeable membrane is disposed on top of the anode material. A second conductor mesh is disposed on top of the permeable membrane and a cathode material is embedded into the second conductor mesh. A second encapsulation layer is disposed on top of the cathode material.

An alkaline electrochemical cell has a central cathode having a corresponding cathode current collector electrically connected with a positive terminal of the electrochemical cell. The cathode current collector has a tubular shape, such as a cylindrical shape or rectangular shape, extending parallel with the length of the central cathode. The cathode current collector is embedded within the central cathode, such as at a medial point of a radius of the central cathode, thereby minimizing the distance between the cathode current collector and any portion of the central cathode, thereby increasing the mechanical strength of the cathode and facilitating charge transfer to the cathode current collector.