An electrochemical device including a positive electrode current collector; a first protruding portion including a plurality of positive electrodes in electrical contact with the positive electrode current collector, and a first dented portion disposed between each positive electrode of the plurality of positive electrodes; an electrolyte layer including a second protruding portion and a second dented portion respectively disposed on the first protruding portion including the plurality of positive electrodes and the first dented portion disposed between each positive electrode of the plurality of positive electrodes; and a negative electrode current collector layer including a third protruding portion and a third dented portion respectively disposed on the second protruding portion and the second dented portion of the electrolyte layer.

A method for printing a flexible printed battery is disclosed. For example, the method includes printing, via a three-dimensional (3D) printer, a first substrate of the flexible thin-film printed battery, printing a first current collector on the first substrate, printing a first layer on the first current collector, printing, via the 3D printer, a second substrate, printing a second current collector on the second substrate, printing a second layer on the second current collector, and coupling the first substrate and the second substrate around a paper separator membrane moistened with an electrolyte that is in contact with the first layer and the second layer.

A fuel cell having a cathode, cathode chamber, anode and anode chamber. The anode chamber is at least partially defined by an anode current collector. The cathode chamber is at least partially defined by the cathode. The anode chamber includes one or a plurality of anode flow channels for flowing an electrolyte in a downstream direction. The anode current collector may include a plurality of particle collectors projecting into the anode chamber to collect particles suspended in the electrolyte.

A fuel cell having a cathode, cathode chamber, anode and anode chamber. The anode chamber is at least partially defined by an anode current collector. The cathode chamber is at least partially defined by the cathode. The anode chamber includes one or a plurality of anode flow channels for flowing an electrolyte in a downstream direction. The anode current collector may include a plurality of particle collectors projecting into the anode chamber to collect particles suspended in the electrolyte.

Making a rechargeable Lithium energy storage device begins by forming one or more trenches in a solid silicon substrate. One or more region interface precursors are deposited in the trench followed by one or more anode materials, one or more solid polymer electrolytes (SPE), and one or more cathode materials. Electrically cycling transforms the battery structures prior to full operation of the battery. Some, or all, of the process steps can be performed while the materials are within the trench, i.e. in-situ.

Making a rechargeable Lithium energy storage device begins by forming one or more trenches in a solid silicon substrate. One or more region interface precursors are deposited in the trench followed by one or more anode materials, one or more solid polymer electrolytes (SPE), and one or more cathode materials. Electrically cycling transforms the battery structures prior to full operation of the battery. Some, or all, of the process steps can be performed while the materials are within the trench, i.e. in-situ.

Described herein is an aqueous aluminum ion battery featuring an aluminum or aluminum alloy/composite anode, an aqueous electrolyte, and a manganese oxide, aluminosilicate or polymer-based cathode. The battery operates via an electrochemical reaction that entails an actual transport of aluminum ions between the anode and cathode. The compositions and structures described herein allow the aqueous aluminum ion battery described herein to achieve: (1) improved charge storage capacity; (2) improved gravimetric and/or volumetric energy density; (3) increased rate capability and power density (ability to charge and discharge in shorter times); (4) increased cycle life; (5) increased mechanical strength of the electrode; (6) improved electrochemical stability of the electrodes; (7) increased electrical conductivity of the electrodes, and (8) improved ion diffusion kinetics in the electrodes as well as the electrolyte.

Described herein is an aqueous aluminum ion battery featuring an aluminum or aluminum alloy/composite anode, an aqueous electrolyte, and a manganese oxide, aluminosilicate or polymer-based cathode. The battery operates via an electrochemical reaction that entails an actual transport of aluminum ions between the anode and cathode. The compositions and structures described herein allow the aqueous aluminum ion battery described herein to achieve: (1) improved charge storage capacity; (2) improved gravimetric and/or volumetric energy density; (3) increased rate capability and power density (ability to charge and discharge in shorter times); (4) increased cycle life; (5) increased mechanical strength of the electrode; (6) improved electrochemical stability of the electrodes; (7) increased electrical conductivity of the electrodes, and (8) improved ion diffusion kinetics in the electrodes as well as the electrolyte.

The invention relates to an electrically conductive base material (112) for receiving a coating material (114) which comprises electrically conductive particles (116), a method for the production thereof and the use thereof as current collector for an electrode material comprising electrically conductive particles. The base material (112) comprises a metal foil, wherein at least one surface (118) of the base material (112) provided for receiving the electrically conductive particles (116) has a first structure (120) and a second structure (122), wherein the first structure (120) has first ridges (124) and/or first grooves (126) relative to the surface (118) of the base material (112) and wherein the second structure (122) has second ridges (128) and/or second grooves (130) relative to the surface (132) of the first structure (120). Herein, the first ridges (124) and/or the first grooves (126) have first dimensions, wherein the second ridges (128) and/or the second grooves (130) have second dimensions, wherein the first dimensions exceed the second dimensions by a factor of at least 10. The invention further relates to an electrically conductive layer composite (110) which comprises the base material (112) and a coating material (114) comprising electrically conductive particles (116), a method for the production thereof and the use thereof in a secondary element of a rechargeable battery, in particular in a lithium ion battery. Herein, the particles (116) in the coating material (114) adhere to first ridges (124) and/or to first grooves (126) in a first structure (120) on the surface (118) of the base material (112) and/or to second ridges (128) and/or to second grooves (130) in a second structure (122) on the surface (132) of the first structure (120). A good bonding of the coating material (114) to the base material (112) reduces or prevents a layer delamination of the coating material (114) from the base material (112).

The invention relates to an electrically conductive base material (112) for receiving a coating material (114) which comprises electrically conductive particles (116), a method for the production thereof and the use thereof as current collector for an electrode material comprising electrically conductive particles. The base material (112) comprises a metal foil, wherein at least one surface (118) of the base material (112) provided for receiving the electrically conductive particles (116) has a first structure (120) and a second structure (122), wherein the first structure (120) has first ridges (124) and/or first grooves (126) relative to the surface (118) of the base material (112) and wherein the second structure (122) has second ridges (128) and/or second grooves (130) relative to the surface (132) of the first structure (120). Herein, the first ridges (124) and/or the first grooves (126) have first dimensions, wherein the second ridges (128) and/or the second grooves (130) have second dimensions, wherein the first dimensions exceed the second dimensions by a factor of at least 10. The invention further relates to an electrically conductive layer composite (110) which comprises the base material (112) and a coating material (114) comprising electrically conductive particles (116), a method for the production thereof and the use thereof in a secondary element of a rechargeable battery, in particular in a lithium ion battery. Herein, the particles (116) in the coating material (114) adhere to first ridges (124) and/or to first grooves (126) in a first structure (120) on the surface (118) of the base material (112) and/or to second ridges (128) and/or to second grooves (130) in a second structure (122) on the surface (132) of the first structure (120). A good bonding of the coating material (114) to the base material (112) reduces or prevents a layer delamination of the coating material (114) from the base material (112).