A battery-powered analyte sensing system includes a printed battery and an analyte sensor. The printed battery includes an anode composed of a non-toxic biocompatible metal, a first carbon-based current collector in electrical contact with the anode, a three-dimensional hierarchical mesoporous carbon-based cathode, a second carbon-based current collector, and an electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, the electrolyte layer configured to activate the printed battery when the electrolyte is released into one or both the anode and the cathode. The analyte sensor includes a sensing material and a reactive chemistry additive in the sensing material.

The present disclosure provides an energy storage device comprising at least one electrochemical cell comprising a negative current collector, a negative electrode in electrical communication with the negative current collector, an electrolyte in electrical communication with the negative electrode, a positive current collector, and a positive electrode in electrical communication with the positive current collector and electrolyte. The positive electrode comprises a material that is solid at the operating temperature of the energy storage device.

An electrically conductive porous composite composed of an expanded microsphere matrix binding a material composition having electrical conductivity properties to form an electrically conductive porous composite is disclosed herein. An energy storage device incorporating the electrically conductive porous composite is also disclosed herein.

An ordered porous nano-network electrode includes a conductive three-dimensional structure having ordered and interconnected pores, and an active layer disposed on a surface of the conductive three-dimensional structure to surround the pores and including an organic active material having a redox center. An amount of the organic active material in a unit area is 0.1 mg/cm.sup.2 to 30 mg/cm.sup.2.

An ordered porous nano-network electrode includes a conductive three-dimensional structure having ordered and interconnected pores, and an active layer disposed on a surface of the conductive three-dimensional structure to surround the pores and including an organic active material having a redox center. An amount of the organic active material in a unit area is 0.1 mg/cm.sup.2 to 30 mg/cm.sup.2.

Disclosed herein are porous asymmetric silicon membranes. The membranes are characterized by high structural stability, and as such are useful as anode components in lithium ion batteries.

A structure for use in an energy storage device, the structure comprising a backbone system extending generally perpendicularly from a reference plane, and a population of microstructured anodically active material layers supported by the lateral surfaces of the backbones, each of the microstructured anodically active material layers having a void volume fraction of at least 0.1 and a thickness of at least 1 micrometer.

A structure for use in an energy storage device, the structure comprising a backbone system extending generally perpendicularly from a reference plane, and a population of microstructured anodically active material layers supported by the lateral surfaces of the backbones, each of the microstructured anodically active material layers having a void volume fraction of at least 0.1 and a thickness of at least 1 micrometer.

The present invention provides anodes comprising an electrically conductive substrate, comprising at least one non-uniform surface; and a random network of silicon nanowires (Si NWs) chemically grown on said at least one non-uniform surface of the substrate, wherein the Si NWs have at least about 30% amorphous morphology, and methods of manufacturing of the anodes. Further provided are lithium ion batteries comprising said anodes.

The present invention provides anodes comprising an electrically conductive substrate, comprising at least one non-uniform surface; and a random network of silicon nanowires (Si NWs) chemically grown on said at least one non-uniform surface of the substrate, wherein the Si NWs have at least about 30% amorphous morphology, and methods of manufacturing of the anodes. Further provided are lithium ion batteries comprising said anodes.