A gas detector includes an electrochemical gas sensor. The sensor includes a plurality of electrodes. At least one of the electrodes is formed of a catalyst/binder slurry which is halftone printed onto a substrate. The composite printed element and substrate are sintered to form the electrode.

Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cells. The method includes (a) admixing a metal catalyst, an ionomer and a first dispersion solvent to prepare a first admixture, (b) heat treating the first admixture prepared in (a) to form an ionomer-fixed metal catalyst, and (c) immersing the ionomer-fixed metal catalyst formed in (b) in a solvent, wherein the solvent in (c) may include one or more selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol, and isopropyl alcohol. The membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cells manufactured by the method may have substantially improved durability.

A free-standing electrically conductive porous structure suitable to be used as a cathode of a battery, including an electrically conductive porous substrate with sulfur diffused into the electrically conductive porous substrate to create a substantially uniform layer of sulfur on a surface of the electrically conductive porous substrate. The free-standing electrically conductive porous structure has a high performance when used in a rechargeable battery. A method of manufacturing the electrically conductive porous structure is also provided.

The present disclosure provides a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with high-efficiency water and heat management for a direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC), and a fabrication method therefor, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cells. In the MEA for a DEFC in the present disclosure, a cathode catalyst layer is designed to be convex and ordered and an anode catalyst layer is designed to be concave and ordered, which is conducive to the timely discharge of the generated heat. The MEA for a DEFC can be fabricated by gradually fabricating each layer of the MEA on an inner surface and an outer surface of a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) or by step-by-step dip coating on an anode support tube. The present disclosure can effectively improve the working capacity of the cell.

The present invention is a catalyst for a solid polymer fuel cell including: catalyst particles of platinum, cobalt and manganese; and a carbon powder carrier supporting the catalyst particles, wherein the component ratio (molar ratio) of the platinum, cobalt and manganese of the catalyst particles is of Pt:Co:Mn=1:0.06 to 0.39:0.04 to 0.33, and wherein in an X-ray diffraction analysis of the catalyst particles, the peak intensity ratio of a CoMn alloy appearing around 2=27 is 0.15 or less on the basis of a main peak appearing around 2=40. It is particularly preferred that the catalyst have a peak ratio of a peak of a CoPt.sub.3 alloy and an MnPt.sub.3 alloy appearing around 2=32 of 0.14 or more on the basis of a main peak.

A process for preparing a catalyst material, said catalyst material comprising a support material, a first metal and one or more second metals, wherein the first metal and the second metal(s) are alloyed and wherein the first metal is a platinum group metal and the second metal(s) is selected from the group of transition metals and tin provided the second metal(s) is different to the first metal is disclosed. The process comprises depositing a silicon oxide before or after deposition of the second metal(s), alloying the first and second metals and subsequently removing silicon oxide. A catalyst material prepared by this process is also disclosed.

An apparatus of manufacturing an elastomeric cell frame for a fuel cell may include, as the apparatus of manufacturing the elastomeric cell frame including an insert in which a membrane electrode assembly and a gas diffusion layer have been bonded, and a sheet-like elastomeric frame made of a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) integrated into an external area of the insert to form the unit cell of the fuel cell, a lower jig module accommodated so that the overlapping area, in which the insert and the elastomeric frame overlap at a predetermined area, is accommodated, and an upper jig module mounted above the lower jig module to provide heat and pressure to the overlapping area to thermally bond an interface between the insert and the elastomeric frame in the overlapping area.

The present invention concerns a method for preparing a catalyst coated membrane including the steps of: coating a substrate with a first catalyst dispersion thereby obtaining a first catalyst dispersion coated substrate, providing a second side of a membrane with a support film, coating a first side of the membrane with a second catalyst dispersion, thereby obtaining a second catalyst dispersion coated first side of the membrane, drying the first catalyst dispersion thereby obtaining a first catalyst coated substrate or drying the second catalyst dispersion coated first side of the membrane thereby obtaining a second catalyst coated first side of the membrane, laminating the first catalyst coated substrate to the second catalyst dispersion coated first side of the membrane or laminating the first catalyst dispersion coated substrate to the second catalyst coated first side of the membrane so that the first catalyst and the second catalyst superimpose, thereby forming a laminate including a membrane comprising a first catalyst layer, drying the laminate, removing the support film from the second side of the membrane, coating a third catalyst dispersion on the second side of the membrane, drying the third catalyst dispersion, thereby obtaining a second catalyst layer on the membrane, and removing the substrate from the first catalyst coated substrate.

An electrode active material includes: a core active material having a layered structure and capable of reversibly incorporating and deincorporating lithium; a dopant including boron and a first metal element, wherein the dopant is in the core active material; and a nanostructure disposed on a surface of the core active material and including a metal borate compound including a second metal element, wherein the second metal element is the same as the first metal element.

In an embodiment, a metal or metal-ion battery cell, includes anode and cathode electrodes, a separator electrically separating the anode and the cathode, and a solid electrolyte ionically coupling the anode and the cathode, wherein the solid electrolyte comprises a material having one or more rearrangeable chalcogen-metal-hydrogen groups that are configured to transport at least one metal-ion or metal-ion mixture through the solid electrolyte, wherein the solid electrolyte exhibits a melting point below about 350 C. In an example, the solid electrolyte may be produced by mixing different dry metal-ion compositions together, arranging the mixture inside of a mold, and heating the mixture while arranged inside of the mold at least to a melting point (e.g., below about 350 C.) of the mixture so as to produce a material comprising one or more rearrangeable chalcogen-metal-hydrogen groups.